Extreme Temperature Events in Kazakhstan and Their Impacts on Public Health and Energy Demand
Broomandi P. Satyanaga A. Bagheri M. Hadei M. Galán-Madruga D. Fard A.M. Roshani A. Fathian A. Nourian A. Leuchner M. Reicherter K. Hamidi M. Kumar P. Kim J.R.
February 2025John Wiley and Sons Inc
Global Challenges
2025#9Issue 2
Extreme temperature events such as heatwaves are becoming increasingly severe and frequent because of climate change, posing significant challenges to public health and energy infrastructure. This study explores the impacts of extreme temperature events leading to heat-/cold waves on public health and energy consumption in Kazakhstan from 1959 to 2021. The most striking trends in heatwave-related indices emerge in the western and southwestern regions. Conversely, despite heightened coldwave intensity, a decline is noted in their frequency and number. The impact of heatwaves on various health conditions, notably consistent and statistically significant rises in all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities, is observed. Shifts in energy demand are also unveiled with a noticeable spike in cooling-degree days and a reduction in heating-degree days. The mean total energy consumption stood at 552 kWh across the country with an average annual energy generation of ≈8.76 kWh. To gauge the environmental implications, the mean CO2 emissions are estimated at 464 kg per kWh for both heating and cooling purposes. With climate change set to escalate heatwaves, the need for comprehensive health planning is underscored to mitigate their adverse health impacts. Furthermore, transitioning from fossil fuels to green energy sources is crucial to reduce the environmental footprint.
carbon footprint , mann-kendall trend analysis , renewable energy , sustainable urban development goals
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Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Neotectonics and Natural Hazards Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52056, Germany
Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417613151, Iran
Climate Change and Health Research Center (CCHRC), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1439813118, Iran
Department of Atmospheric Pollution, National Centre for Environment Health, Health Institute Carlos III. Ctra. Majadahonda a Pozuelo km 2.2, Madrid, 28220, Spain
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, 484, Iran
UNESCO Chair on Coastal Geo-Hazard Analysis, Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Tehran, 13185-1494, Iran
Water, Sediment, Hazards, and Earth-surface Dynamics (waterSHED) Lab, Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
School of Science Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Salford, Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom
Physical Geography and Climatology, Department of Geography, RWTH Aachen University, Wüllnerstr. 5b, Aachen, 52062, Germany
Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Pohligstr.3, Cologne, 50969, Germany
Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), School of Sustainability, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
Institute for Sustainability, University of Surrey, Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Neotectonics and Natural Hazards Institute
Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters
Climate Change and Health Research Center (CCHRC)
Department of Atmospheric Pollution
Faculty of Civil Engineering
UNESCO Chair on Coastal Geo-Hazard Analysis
Water
School of Science Engineering and Environment (SEE)
Physical Geography and Climatology
Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology
Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE)
Institute for Sustainability
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