Evaluating expert-based habitat suitability information of terrestrial mammals with GPS-tracking data

Broekman M.J.E. Hilbers J.P. Huijbregts M.A.J. Mueller T. Ali A.H. Andrén H. Altmann J. Aronsson M. Attias N. Bartlam-Brooks H.L.A. van Beest F.M. Belant J.L. Beyer D.E. Bidner L. Blaum N. Boone R.B. Boyce M.S. Brown M.B. Cagnacci F. Černe R. Chamaillé-Jammes S. Dejid N. Dekker J. L. J. Desbiez A. Díaz-Muñoz S.L. Fennessy J. Fichtel C. Fischer C. Fisher J.T. Fischhoff I. Ford A.T. Fryxell J.M. Gehr B. Goheen J.R. Hauptfleisch M. Hewison A.J.M. Hering R. Heurich M. Isbell L.A. Janssen R. Jeltsch F. Kaczensky P. Kappeler P.M. Krofel M. LaPoint S. Latham A.D.M. Linnell J.D.C. Markham A.C. Mattisson J. Medici E.P. de Miranda Mourão G. Van Moorter B. Morato R.G. Morellet N. Mysterud A. Mwiu S. Odden J. Olson K.A. Ornicāns A. Pagon N. Panzacchi M. Persson J. Petroelje T. Rolandsen C.M. Roshier D. Rubenstein D.I. Saïd S. Salemgareyev A.R. Sawyer H. Schmidt N.M. Selva N. Sergiel A. Stabach J. Stacy-Dawes J. Stewart F.E.C. Stiegler J. Strand O. Sundaresan S. Svoboda N.J. Ullmann W. Voigt U. Wall J. Wikelski M. Wilmers C.C. Zięba F. Zwijacz-Kozica T. Schipper A.M. Tucker M.A.
August 2022 John Wiley and Sons Inc

Global Ecology and Biogeography
2022 #31 Issue 8 1526 - 1541 pp.

Aim: Macroecological studies that require habitat suitability data for many species often derive this information from expert opinion. However, expert-based information is inherently subjective and thus prone to errors. The increasing availability of GPS tracking data offers opportunities to evaluate and supplement expert-based information with detailed empirical evidence. Here, we compared expert-based habitat suitability information from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) with habitat suitability information derived from GPS-tracking data of 1,498 individuals from 49 mammal species. Location: Worldwide. Time period: 1998–2021. Major taxa studied: Forty-nine terrestrial mammal species. Methods: Using GPS data, we estimated two measures of habitat suitability for each individual animal: proportional habitat use (proportion of GPS locations within a habitat type), and selection ratio (habitat use relative to its availability). For each individual we then evaluated whether the GPS-based habitat suitability measures were in agreement with the IUCN data. To that end, we calculated the probability that the ranking of empirical habitat suitability measures was in agreement with IUCNs classification into suitable, marginal and unsuitable habitat types. Results: IUCN habitat suitability data were in accordance with the GPS data (> 95% probability of agreement) for 33 out of 49 species based on proportional habitat use estimates and for 25 out of 49 species based on selection ratios. In addition, 37 and 34 species had a > 50% probability of agreement based on proportional habitat use and selection ratios, respectively. Main conclusions: We show how GPS-tracking data can be used to evaluate IUCN habitat suitability data. Our findings indicate that for the majority of species included in this study, it is appropriate to use IUCN habitat suitability data in macroecological studies. Furthermore, we show that GPS-tracking data can be used to identify and prioritize species and habitat types for re-evaluation of IUCN habitat suitability data.

expert opinion , GPS , habitat suitability , habitat type , habitat use , IUCN , mammals , movement , selection ratio , telemetry

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Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Wetland and Water Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
Hirola Conservation Programme, Garissa, Kenya
Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, Sweden
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Ecology and Conservation Graduate Program, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres (ICAS), Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
Structure and Motion Lab, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
Global Wildlife Conservation Center, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, United States
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
Giraffe Conservation Foundation, Eros, Namibia
Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, United States
Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
Slovenia Forest Service, Ljubljana, Slovenia
CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
Bionet Natuuronderzoek, Stein, Netherlands
IPÊ (Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas; Institute for Ecological Research), São Paulo, Brazil
Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
German Primate Center, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, Göttingen, Germany
Faunistics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Agriculture, Ecotrophology, and Landscape Development, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburg, Germany
School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, United States
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
Department of Agriculture And Natural Resources Sciences, Biodiversity Research Centre, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
LTSER ZA Pyrénées Garonne, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
Department of Conservation and Research, Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany
Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Koppang, Norway
Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway
Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Black Rock Forest, Cornwall, NY, United States
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States
Wildlife Ecology and Management, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Species Survival Commission (SSC) Tapir Specialist Group (TSG), Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
Embrapa Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Brazil
National Research Center for Carnivores Conservation, Chico Mendes Institute for the Conservation of Biodiversity, Atibaia, Brazil
Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Wildlife Research and Training Institute, Naivasha, Kenya
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Oslo, Norway
Wildlife Conservation Society, Mongolia Program, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, Salaspils, Latvia
Australian Wildlife Conservancy, Subiaco, WA, Australia
Direction de la Recherche et de lAppui Scientifique, Office Français de la Biodiversité, Birieux, France
Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan (ACBK), Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Western Ecosystems Technology Inc., Laramie, WY, United States
Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
Conservation Science and Wildlife Health, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Escondido, CA, United States
Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
Greater Yellowstone Coalition, Bozeman, MT, United States
Carnivore Ecology Laboratory, Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Kodiak, AK, United States
Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
Mara Elephant Project, Nairobi, Kenya
Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
Center for Integrated Spatial Research, Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
Tatra National Park, Zakopane, Poland
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, The Hague, Netherlands

Department of Environmental Science
Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre
Department of Biological Sciences
Hirola Conservation Programme
Grimsö Wildlife Research Station
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Department of Zoology
Ecology and Conservation Graduate Program
Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres (ICAS)
Structure and Motion Lab
Department of Bioscience
Global Wildlife Conservation Center
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife
Department of Anthropology
Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation
Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability
Department of Biological Sciences
Giraffe Conservation Foundation
Conservation Ecology Center
Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology
Slovenia Forest Service
CEFE
Bionet Natuuronderzoek
IPÊ (Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas; Institute for Ecological Research)
Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS)
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics
German Primate Center
Faunistics and Wildlife Conservation
School of Environmental Studies
Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Department of Biology
Department of Integrative Biology
Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies
Department of Zoology and Physiology
Department of Agriculture And Natural Resources Sciences
Université de Toulouse
LTSER ZA Pyrénées Garonne
Department of Conservation and Research
Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management
Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management
Animal Behavior Graduate Group
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research
Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology
Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources
Black Rock Forest
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
Wildlife Ecology and Management
Department of Anthropology
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Species Survival Commission (SSC) Tapir Specialist Group (TSG)
Embrapa Pantanal
National Research Center for Carnivores Conservation
Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis
Wildlife Research and Training Institute
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research
Wildlife Conservation Society
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”
Australian Wildlife Conservancy
Direction de la Recherche et de lAppui Scientifique
Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan (ACBK)
Western Ecosystems Technology Inc.
Arctic Research Centre
Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences
Conservation Science and Wildlife Health
Department of Biology
Greater Yellowstone Coalition
Carnivore Ecology Laboratory
Alaska Department of Fish and Game
Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research
Mara Elephant Project
Department of Migration
Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour
Center for Integrated Spatial Research
Tatra National Park
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency

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