Patient-centered digital biomarkers for allergic respiratory diseases and asthma: The ARIA-EAACI approach – ARIA-EAACI Task Force Report

Bousquet J. Shamji M.H. Anto J.M. Schünemann H.J. Canonica G.W. Jutel M. Del Giacco S. Zuberbier T. Pfaar O. Fonseca J.A. Sousa-Pinto B. Klimek L. Czarlewski W. Bedbrook A. Amaral R. Ansotegui I.J. Bosnic-Anticevich S. Braido F. Chaves Loureiro C. Gemicioglu B. Haahtela T. Kulus M. Kuna P. Kupczyk M. Matricardi P. Regateiro F.S. Samolinski B. Sofiev M. Toppila-Salmi S. Valiulis A. Ventura M.T. Barbara C. Bergmann K.C. Bewick M. Blain H. Bonini M. Boulet L.-P. Bourret R. Brusselle G. Brussino L. Buhl R. Cardona V. Casale T. Cecchi L. Charpin D. Cherrez-Ojeda I. Chu D.K. Cingi C. Costa E.M. Cruz A. Devillier P. Dramburg S. Fokkens W. Gotua M. Heffler E. Ispayeva Z. Ivancevich J.C. Joos G. Kaidashev I. Kraxner H. Kvedariene V. Larenas-Linnemann D.E. Laune D. Lourenço O. Louis R. Makela M. Makris M. Maurer M. Melén E. Micheli Y. Morais-Almeida M. Mullol J. Niedoszytko M. OHehir R. Okamoto Y. Olze H. Papadopoulos N.G. Papi A. Patella V. Pétré B. Pham-Thi N. Puggioni F. Quirce S. Roche N. Rouadi P. Sá-Sousa A. Sagara H. Sastre J. Scichilone N. Sheikh A. Sova M. Suppli Ulrik C. Taborda-Barata L. Todo-Bom A. Torres M. Tsiligianni I. Usmani O.S. Valovirta E. Vasankari T. Vieira R.J. Wallace D. Waserman S. Zidarn M. Yorgancioglu A. Zhang L. Chivato T. Ollert M.
July 2023 John Wiley and Sons Inc

Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
2023 #78 Issue 7 1758 - 1776 pp.

Biomarkers for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with rhinitis and/or asthma are urgently needed. Although some biologic biomarkers exist in specialist care for asthma, they cannot be largely used in primary care. There are no validated biomarkers in rhinitis or allergen immunotherapy (AIT) that can be used in clinical practice. The digital transformation of health and health care (including mHealth) places the patient at the center of the health system and is likely to optimize the practice of allergy. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) and EAACI (European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology) developed a Task Force aimed at proposing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) as digital biomarkers that can be easily used for different purposes in rhinitis and asthma. It first defined control digital biomarkers that should make a bridge between clinical practice, randomized controlled trials, observational real-life studies and allergen challenges. Using the MASK-air app as a model, a daily electronic combined symptom-medication score for allergic diseases (CSMS) or for asthma (e-DASTHMA), combined with a monthly control questionnaire, was embedded in a strategy similar to the diabetes approach for disease control. To mimic real-life, it secondly proposed quality-of-life digital biomarkers including daily EQ-5D visual analogue scales and the bi-weekly RhinAsthma Patient Perspective (RAAP). The potential implications for the management of allergic respiratory diseases were proposed.

apps , ARIA , digital health , EAACI , rhinitis

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Institute of Allergology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
Personalized Medicine, Asthma & Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Center, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Immunology, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
ALL-MED Medical Research Institute, Wroclaw, Poland
Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Duilio Casula, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
Section of Rhinology and Allergy, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
CINTESIS@RISE– Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
Medical Consulting Czarlewski, Levallois, France
MASK-air, Montpellier, France
ARIA, Montpellier, France
Department of Allergy and Immunology, Hospital Quironsalud Bizkaia, Bilbao, Spain
Quality Use of Respiratory Medicines Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Respiratory Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
Pneumology Unit, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Istanbul University - Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Pediatric Respiratory Diseases and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (ICBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Immunology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards, Allergology and Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland
Institute of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
Unit of Geriatric Immunoallergology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (Ispa-CNR), Bari, Italy
Portuguese National Programme for Respiratory Diseases, Direção -Geral da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Lisbon, Portugal
University of Central Lancashire Medical School, Preston, United Kingdom
Department of Geriatrics, Montpellier University Hospital, MUSE, Montpellier, France
Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
Department of Neurological, ENT and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Mauriziano Hospital, Torino, Italy
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Mainz University Hospital, Mainz, Germany
Allergy Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Vall dHebron, Barcelona, Spain
ARADyAL Research Network, Barcelona, Spain
Division of Allergy/Immunology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
SOS Allergology and Clinical Immunology, USL Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy
Clinique des Bronches, Allergie et Sommeil, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador
Respiralab Research Group, Guayas, Ecuador
ENT Department, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
UCIBIO, REQUINTE, Faculty of Pharmacy and Competence Center on Active and Healthy Ageing, University of Porto (Porto4Ageing), Porto, Portugal
Fundaçao ProAR, Federal University of Bahia and GARD/WHO Planning Group, Salvador, Brazil
VIM Suresnes, UMR 0892, Pôle des Maladies des Voies Respiratoires, Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay, Suresnes, France
Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Center of Allergy and Immunology, David Tvildiani Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
Kazakhstan Association of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology of the Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Servicio de Alergia e Immunologia, Clinica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Chest Diseases and Allergology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
Center of Excellence in Asthma and Allergy, Médica Sur Clinical Foundation and Hospital, México City, Mexico
KYomed INNOV, Montpellier, France
Faculty of Health Sciences and CICS – UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
GIGA I3 Research Group, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
Allergy Unit D Kalogeromitros, 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Sachs Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Allergy Center, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Alfred Health and Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Chiba Rosai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Respiratory Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Santa Maria della Speranza Hospital, Battipaglia, Salerno, Italy
Agency of Health ASL, Salerno, Italy
Postgraduate Programme in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
Department of Public Health, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
Ecole Polytechnique de Palaiseau, Palaiseau, France
IRBA (Institut de Recherche Bio-Médicale des Armées), Brétigny sur Orge, France
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Personalized Medicine, Asthma & Allergy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
Department of Allergy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
Pneumologie, AP-HP Centre Université de Paris Cité, Hôpital Cochin, et UMR 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and Ear, University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Dar Al Shifa Hospital - Salmiya, Hawally, Kuwait
Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
Allergy Service, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University of Madrid, CIBERES-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Department of Respiratory Medicine and Tuberculosis, University Hospital Brno, Lískovec, Czech Republic
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital-Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Immunoallergology, Cova da Beira University Hospital Centre, Covilhã, Portugal
UBIAir - Clinical & Experimental Lung Centre and CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
Imunoalergologia, Faculty of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Allergy Unit, Málaga Regional University Hospital-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
International Primary Care Respiratory Group (IPCRG), Aberdeen, United Kingdom
Health Planning Unit, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
Royal Brompton Hospital, Airways Disease Section, London, United Kingdom
Department of Lung Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
FIHLA, Finnish Lung Health Association, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Nova Southeastern University, College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Allergy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Golnik, Slovenia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital and Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
School of Medicine, University CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense, Denmark

Institute of Allergology
University Hospital Montpellier
Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP
National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI)
NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre
ISGlobal
Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF)
CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)
Department of Health Research Methods
Department of Biomedical Sciences
Personalized Medicine
Department of Clinical Immunology
ALL-MED Medical Research Institute
Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Section of Rhinology and Allergy
MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine
CINTESIS@RISE– Health Research Network
Department of Otolaryngology
Center for Rhinology and Allergology
Medical Consulting Czarlewski
MASK-air
ARIA
Department of Allergy and Immunology
Quality Use of Respiratory Medicines Group
Sydney Local Health District
Sydney Pharmacy School
Respiratory Clinic
IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino
Pneumology Unit
Department of Pulmonary Diseases
Skin and Allergy Hospital
Department of Pediatric Respiratory Diseases and Allergology
Division of Internal Medicine
Pediatric Pulmonology
Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit
Faculty of Medicine
Faculty of Medicine
Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards
Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI)
Institute of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences
Unit of Geriatric Immunoallergology
Institute of Sciences of Food Production
Portuguese National Programme for Respiratory Diseases
University of Central Lancashire Medical School
Department of Geriatrics
Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences
Department of Neurological
Quebec Heart and Lung Institute
University Hospital of Nice
Department of Respiratory Medicine
Department of Medical Sciences
Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit
Department of Pulmonary Medicine
Allergy Section
ARADyAL Research Network
Division of Allergy/Immunology
SOS Allergology and Clinical Immunology
Clinique des Bronches
Universidad Espíritu Santo
Respiralab Research Group
ENT Department
UCIBIO
Fundaçao ProAR
VIM Suresnes
Department of Pediatric Pneumology
Department of Otorhinolaryngology
Center of Allergy and Immunology
Kazakhstan Association of Allergology and Clinical Immunology
Servicio de Alergia e Immunologia
Poltava State Medical University
Department of Otorhinolaryngology
Faculty of Medicine
Department of Pathology
Center of Excellence in Asthma and Allergy
KYomed INNOV
Faculty of Health Sciences and CICS – UBI
Department of Pulmonary Medicine
GIGA I3 Research Group
Allergy Unit D Kalogeromitros
Department of Clinical Science and Education
Sachs Children and Youth Hospital
Allergy Center
Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic
Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy
Department of Allergology
Allergy
Chiba Rosai Hospital
Chiba University Hospital
Department of Otorhinolaryngology
Berlin Institute of Health
Allergy Department
Respiratory Medicine
Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Agency of Health ASL
Postgraduate Programme in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Department of Public Health
Ecole Polytechnique de Palaiseau
IRBA (Institut de Recherche Bio-Médicale des Armées)
Université Paris Cité
Personalized Medicine
Department of Allergy
Pneumologie
Department of Otolaryngology
Department of Otolaryngology
Department of Medicine
Allergy Service
PROMISE Department
Usher Institute
Department of Respiratory Medicine and Tuberculosis
Department of Respiratory Medicine
Institute of Clinical Medicine
Department of Immunoallergology
UBIAir - Clinical & Experimental Lung Centre and CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Centre
Imunoalergologia
Allergy Unit
International Primary Care Respiratory Group (IPCRG)
Health Planning Unit
Royal Brompton Hospital
Department of Lung Diseases and Clinical Immunology
FIHLA
Department of Clinical Medicine
Nova Southeastern University
Department of Medicine
University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases
Faculty of Medicine
Department of Pulmonary Diseases
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
School of Medicine
Department of Infection and Immunity
Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre

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