The Role of Vitamins, Magnesium, and Trace Elements in COVID-19 Treatment and Post-COVID-19 Rehabilitation: An Updated Overview
Bjørklund G. Drapak I. Zimenkovsky B. Shanaida M. Kobylinska L. Denefil O. Lysiuk R. Pokryshko O. Logoyda L. Oliinyk P. Shanaida V. Semenova Y.
2025Bentham Science Publishers
Current Medicinal Chemistry
2025#32Issue 163134 - 3154 pp.
This review summarizes the scientific knowledge concerning the impact of vitamins, magnesium, and trace elements on various mechanisms contributing to the possible treatment and prevention of COVID-19, including its delayed consequences. A search was conducted in various databases, including PubMed, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Web of Science. Among the main mechanisms involved in the effects of the studied micronutrients, immune-boosting, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects were also highlighted. The analyzed clinical trials confirmed that supplementation with higher daily doses of some micronutrients can reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral load and hospitalization time. The potential role of most known vitamins in preventing, treating COVID-19, and rehabilitating patients was considered. The most promising agents for combating COVID-19 and its consequences might be the following vitamins: vitamin D, ascorbic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and some B complex vitamins. Inorganic elements deserving attention include magnesium and trace elements, such as zinc, selenium, copper, and iron. Some associations were found between micronutrient deficiencies and COVID-19 severity in children, adults, and older people. Patients can obtain the aforementioned micronutrients from natural food sources or as supplements/drugs in various dosage forms. The reviewed micronutrients might be considered adjunctive treatment strategies for COVID-19 patients.
ascorbic acid , copper , COVID-19 , fat-soluble vitamins , iron , magnesium , micronutrients , selenium , vitamin B complex , zinc
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Department of Research, Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
CONEM Ukraine Natural Drugs Research Group, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
Design of Machine Tools, Instruments and Machines Department, Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Department of Research
Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University
CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group
I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University
CONEM Ukraine Natural Drugs Research Group
Design of Machine Tools
School of Medicine
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