Evolution of star clusters with initial bulk rotation via N -body simulations
Bissekenov A. Pang X. Kamlah A. Kouwenhoven M.B.N. Spurzem R. Shukirgaliyev B. Giersz M. Askar A. Berczik P.
1 July 2025EDP Sciences
Astronomy and Astrophysics
2025#699
Young star clusters can inherit bulk rotation from the molecular clouds from which they have formed. This rotation can affect the long-term evolution of a star cluster and its constituent stellar populations. In this study, we aim to characterize the effects of different degrees of initial rotation on star clusters with primordial binaries. The simulations were performed using NBODY6++GPU. We find that initial rotation strongly affects the early evolution of star clusters. Rapidly rotating clusters show angular momentum transport from the inner parts to the outskirts, resulting in a core collapse. Angular momentum transport is accompanied by a highly elongated barlike structure morphology. The effects of bulk rotation are reduced on the timescale of two-body relaxation. Rotating and nonrotating clusters experience changes in the direction of angular momentum near the dissolution and early evolution due to the tidal field, respectively. We present synthetic observations of simulated clusters for comparison with future observations in filters of Gaia, CSST, and HST. This work shows the effects of bulk rotation on systems with primordial binaries and could be used for the identification of rotation signatures in observed open clusters.
Methods: data analysis , Methods: numerical , Open clusters and associations: general
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Department of Physics, XiAn Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Renai Road, Dushu Lake Science and Education Innovation District, Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, 215123, China
Energetic Cosmos Laboratory, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Heriot-Watt University Aktobe Campus, K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University, 34 A. Moldagulova Ave, Aktobe, 030000, Kazakhstan
Shanghai Key Laboratory for Astrophysics, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie, University of Heidelberg, Mönchhofstrasse 12-14, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Yiheyuan Lu 5, Haidian Qu, Beijing, 100871, China
National Astronomical Observatories, Key Laboratory of Computational Astrophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20A Datun Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bartycka 18, Warsaw, 00-716, Poland
Main Astronomical Observatory, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 27 Akademika Zabolotnoho St., Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine
Fesenkov Astrophysical Institute, 23 Observatory str., Almaty, 050020, Kazakhstan
Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, HUN-REN CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, Budapest, 1121, Hungary
Department of Physics
Energetic Cosmos Laboratory
Heriot-Watt University Aktobe Campus
Shanghai Key Laboratory for Astrophysics
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut
Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics
National Astronomical Observatories
Department of Physics
Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
Main Astronomical Observatory
Fesenkov Astrophysical Institute
Konkoly Observatory
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