Drug-loaded erythrocytes: Modern approaches for advanced drug delivery for clinical use
Berikkhanova K. Taigulov E. Bokebaev Z. Kusainov A. Tanysheva G. Yedrissov A. Seredin G. Baltabayeva T. Zhumadilov Z.
15 January 2024Elsevier Ltd
Heliyon
2024#10Issue 1
Scientific organizations worldwide are striving to create drug delivery systems that provide a high local concentration of a drug in pathological tissue without side effects on healthy organs in the body. Important physiological properties of red blood cells (RBCs), such as frequent renewal ability, good oxygen carrying ability, unique shape and membrane flexibility, allow them to be used as natural carriers of drugs in the body. Erythrocyte carriers derived from autologous blood are even more promising drug delivery systems due to their immunogenic compatibility, safety, natural uniqueness, simple preparation, biodegradability and convenience of use in clinical practice. This review is focused on the achievements in the clinical application of targeted drug delivery systems based on osmotic methods of loading RBCs, with an emphasis on advancements in their industrial production. This article describes the basic methods used for encapsulating drugs into erythrocytes, key strategic approaches to the clinical use of drug-loaded erythrocytes obtained by hypotonic hemolysis. Moreover, clinical trials of erythrocyte carriers for the targeted delivery are discussed. This article explores the recent advancements and engineering approaches employed in the encapsulation of erythrocytes through hypotonic hemolysis methods, as well as the most promising inventions in this field. There is currently a shortage of reviews focused on the automation of drug loading into RBCs; therefore, our work fills this gap. Finally, further prospects for the development of engineering and technological solutions for the automatic production of drug-loaded RBCs were studied. Automated devices have the potential to provide the widespread production of RBC-encapsulated therapeutic drugs and optimize the process of targeted drug delivery in the body. Furthermore, they can expedite the widespread introduction of this innovative treatment method into clinical practice, thereby significantly expanding the effectiveness of treatment in both surgery and all areas of medicine.
Automatic production of drug-loaded RBCs , Drug loading techniques , Hypo-osmotic drug encapsulation , Red blood cells , Targeted drug delivery
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Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr 53, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
University Medical Center, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Astana Medical University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Semey State Medical University, Semey, 071400, Kazakhstan
Scientific-Production Center of Transfusiology, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Departament of Surgery, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr 53, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Center for Life Sciences
University Medical Center
Astana Medical University
Semey State Medical University
Scientific-Production Center of Transfusiology
Departament of Surgery
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