Elucidation of the Charging Mechanisms and the Coupled Structural–Mechanical Behavior of Ti3C2Tx (MXenes) Electrodes by In Situ Techniques
Bergman G. Ballas E. Gao Q. Nimkar A. Gavriel B. Levi M.D. Sharon D. Malchik F. Wang X. Shpigel N. Mandler D. Aurbach D.
24 February 2023John Wiley and Sons Inc
Advanced Energy Materials
2023#13Issue 8
The discovery of the Ti3C2Tx compounds (MXenes) a decade ago opened new research directions and valuable opportunities for high-rate energy storage applications. The unique ability of the MXenes to host various mono- and multivalent cations and their high stability in different electrolyte environments including aqueous, organic, and ionic liquid solutions, promoted the rapid development of advanced MXene-based electrodes for a large variety of applications. Unlike the vast majority of typical intercalation compounds, the electrochemical performance of MXene electrodes is strongly influenced by the presence of co-inserted solvent molecules, which cannot be detected by conventional current/potential electrochemical measurements. Furthermore, the electrochemical insertion of ions into MXene interspaces results in strong coupling with the intercalation-induced structural, dimensional, and viscoelastic changes in the polarized MXene electrodes. To shed light on the charging mechanisms of MXene systems and their associated phenomena, the use of a large variety of real-time monitoring techniques has been proposed in recent years. This review summarizes the most essential findings related to the charging mechanism of Ti3C2Tx electrodes and their potential induced structural and mechanical phenomena obtained by in situ investigations.
in situ techniques , MXenes , pseudo-capacitors , super-capacitors , Ti 3C 2T x
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Department of Chemistry, BINA–BIU Center for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
Scanning Probe Microscopy Group, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, 37831, TN, United States
Owens Corning Science & Technology, Granville, 43023, OH, United States
Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
Center of Physical-Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, 050012, Kazakhstan
Storage of Electrochemical Energy (SEE), Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2629 JB, Netherlands
Department of Chemistry
Scanning Probe Microscopy Group
Owens Corning Science & Technology
Institute of Chemistry
Center of Physical-Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis
Storage of Electrochemical Energy (SEE)
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