Unraveling Acute and Post-COVID Cytokine Patterns to Anticipate Future Challenges

Bekbossynova M. Tauekelova A. Sailybayeva A. Kozhakhmetov S. Mussabay K. Chulenbayeva L. Kossumov A. Khassenbekova Z. Vinogradova E. Kushugulova A.
August 2023 Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)

Journal of Clinical Medicine
2023 #12 Issue 16

The aims of this study were to analyze cytokine profiles in patients with COVID-19, gain insights into the immune response during acute infection, identify cytokines associated with disease severity and post-COVID complications, and explore potential biomarkers for prognosis and therapeutic targets. Using a multiplex analysis, we studied the cytokine pattern in 294 acute COVID-19 and post-COVID patients with varying severities of infection. Our findings revealed that disease severity was associated with elevated levels of IL-15, IL-8, and fractalkine. Severe/extremely severe forms in comparison with mild/moderate disease were associated with MCP-1, IFNa2, IL-7, IL-15, EGF, IP-10, IL-8, Eotaxin, FGF-2, GROa, sCD40L, and IL-10. The key cytokines of post-COVID are FGF-2, VEGF-A, EGF, IL-12(p70), IL-13, and IL-6. By the sixth month after recovering from a coronavirus infection, regardless of disease severity, some patients may develop complications such as arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, glucose intolerance, thyrotoxicosis, atherosclerosis, and rapid progression of previously diagnosed conditions. Each complication is characterized by distinct cytokine profiles. Importantly, these complications can also be predicted during the acute phase of the coronavirus infection. Understanding cytokine patterns can aid in predicting disease progression, identifying high-risk patients, and developing targeted interventions to improve the outcomes of COVID-19.

COVID-19 , cytokines , PASC , post-COVID , SARS-CoV-2

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National Research Cardiac Surgery Center, Astana, 020000, Kazakhstan
Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Microbiology and Virology Named after Sh.I.Sarbasova, Astana Medical University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of General Pharmacology, Astana Medical University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Laboratory of Microbiome, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave., 53, Block S1, Office 303, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan

National Research Cardiac Surgery Center
Center for Life Sciences
Department of Microbiology and Virology Named after Sh.I.Sarbasova
Department of General Pharmacology
Laboratory of Microbiome

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