Comparative Study of a New Sodium-Bentonite Clay for Use in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Beisebekov M. Kabdrakhmanova S. Kantay N. Kadiran A. Nauryzova S. Shaimardan E. Akatan K. Kukhareva A. Baibotayeva A. Lakhbayeva Z. Seilkhanov T.
December 2025Engineered Science Publisher
ES Materials and Manufacturing
2025#30
This study presents a comprehensive characterization of bentonite from the newly identified Orta Tentek deposit in southeastern Kazakhstan and evaluates the effect of hydro-activation with water on its physicochemical properties. The raw (Ot) and hydro-activated (Ot-H2O) samples were analyzed using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)/Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) techniques. XRF results revealed that Ot bentonite consists mainly of SiO2(66.2%), Al2O3(18.1%), Fe2O3(8.0%), and Na2O (2.09%), with minor amounts of MgO, CaO, and TiO2The montmorillonite content reached 93%, and the methylene blue adsorption capacity was 93.2%. XRD confirmed that Ot bentonite corresponds to sodium montmorillonite, with an empirical formula of Na~0×2Ca~0×1Al~2Si~4O~10(OH)~2·nH2O. Hydro-activation caused notable structural and textural modifications. The average particle size decreased by ~1.5-fold, while the BET surface area increased from 44.8 to 66.6 m2g-1and the average pore size from 3.2 to 4.2 nm. XRD revealed an increase in interlayer spacing and crystallite size. The methylene blue adsorption capacity also improved to 96%, reflecting enhanced sorption efficiency. The biological activity of Ot-H2O aerobic bacteria increased by 2.4 times compared to Ot, while the biological activity of yeasts and molds increased by 1.8. These findings highlight the Ot bentonite as a promising natural resource. The improved d-spacing favors polymer intercalation in composites, the increased surface area enhances potential as a catalyst support, and the high sorption capacity demonstrates suitability for environmental remediation, drilling fluids, and pharmaceutical applications.
Antibacterial , Bentonite , Hydroactivation , Montmorillonite , Sorption property , Structure , X-ray phase analysis , Оrta tentek deposit
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Satbayev University, Almaty, 050013, Kazakhstan
Scientific Center of Composite Materials, Almaty, 050000, Kazakhstan
S. Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, Oskemen, 070000, Kazakhstan
Al-Farabi Kazakh National university, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan
The laboratory of engineering profile of NMR spectroscopy, Sh.Ualikhanov Kokshetau University, Kokshetau, 020000, Kazakhstan
Satbayev University
Scientific Center of Composite Materials
S. Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University
Al-Farabi Kazakh National university
Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University
The laboratory of engineering profile of NMR spectroscopy
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