Comparative Analysis of Methods for Determining the Wax Crystallization Onset Temperature of High-Paraffin Crude Oil from the Uzen Field
Bayamirova R. Togasheva A. Saduakassov D. Zholbasarova A. Tabylganov M. Shilanov N. Sarbopeyeva M. Nurlybai N. Nugumarov S. Gusmanova A. Nugumarov Y.
March 2026Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Energies
2026#19Issue 5
This study is devoted to a comparative analysis of modern methods for determining the wax crystallization onset temperature (WCOT) of high-paraffin crude oil from the Uzen field. The objects of investigation were crude oil samples from the 13th reservoir horizon with a paraffin mass content ranging from 22.5% to 27.5%. For the first time in the practice of the oil and gas industry of Kazakhstan, a comprehensive comparison of results obtained using two fundamentally different approaches was performed: the light transmittance method using the KING-UNNP-70 apparatus, which simulates reservoir conditions (pressure of 12 MPa), and a dynamic method using a Wax Flow Loop facility, which reproduces crude oil flow in a pipeline. The experimental results showed that the light transmittance method detects the appearance of the first microcrystals at temperatures of 38.0–41.7 °C, whereas the dynamic method yields higher WCOT values, ranging from 41.0 °C to 44.0 °C. It was also found that the temperature of bulk crystallization, characterizing intensive solid phase formation, lies within the range of 33.5–35.0 °C. The results confirm that under flow conditions, paraffin crystallization begins at higher temperatures compared to static conditions, which is of critical importance for the design of crude oil gathering and transportation systems. The obtained data allow more accurate prediction of the risks of asphaltene–resin–paraffin deposits (ARPD) formation and optimization of technological operating conditions of wells at the late stage of field development.
asphaltene–resin–paraffin deposits (ARPD) , high-paraffin crude oil , light transmittance method , Uzen field , wax crystallization onset temperature (WCOT) , Wax Flow Loop
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Department of Geology and Petrochemical Engineering, Yessenov University, Aktau, 130000, Kazakhstan
Geoanalytica Service LLP, Aktau, 130000, Kazakhstan
Aktau Petroleum Ltd., LLC, Aktau, 130000, Kazakhstan
PetroLogic Ltd., LLC, Aktau, 130000, Kazakhstan
Department of Geology and Petrochemical Engineering
Geoanalytica Service LLP
Aktau Petroleum Ltd.
PetroLogic Ltd.
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