Mechanochemical synthesis of non-stoichiometric copper sulfide Cu1.8S applicable as a photocatalyst and antibacterial agent and synthesis scalability verification
Baláž M. Augustyniak A. Tatykayev B. Shalabayev Z. Burashev G. Dutková E. Daneu N. Briančin J. Balážová Ľ. Tkáčiková Ľ. Stahorský M. Achimovičová M. Baláž P.
18 May 2022Royal Society of Chemistry
Faraday Discussions
2022#241367 - 386 pp.
An effort to prepare different non-stoichiometric CuxSy compounds starting from elemental precursors using mechanochemistry was made in this study. However, out of the 7 stoichiometries tested, it was only possible to obtain three phases: covellite CuS, chalcocite Cu2S and digenite Cu1.8S and their mixtures. To obtain the digenite phase with the highest purity, the Cu : S stoichiometric ratio needed to be fixed at 1.6 : 1. The reaction between copper and sulfur was completed within a second range, however, milling was performed for up to 15 minutes until the equilibrium in phase composition between digenite and covellite was reached. The possibility of preparing the product in a 300 g batch by eccentric vibratory milling in 30 minutes was successfully verified at the end. The estimated crystallite sizes for the digenite Cu1.8S obtained via lab-scale and scalable experiments were around 12 and 17 nm, respectively. The obtained products were found to be efficient photocatalysts under visible light irradiation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, being capable of the complete degradation of the Methyl Orange dye in a concentration of 10 mg L−1 in 2 hours. Finally, the antibacterial potential of both lab-scale and large-scale industrial products was proven and, regardless of the manufacturing scale, the nanoparticles retained their properties against bacterial cells.
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Institute of Geotechnics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 45, Košice, 04001, Slovakia
Chair of Building Materials and Construction Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, Berlin, 13355, Germany
Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, The West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Avenue 42, Szczecin, 71-065, Poland
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi ave., 71, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, Košice, 041 81, Slovakia
Institute of Geotechnics
Chair of Building Materials and Construction Chemistry
Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Jožef Stefan Institute
University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy
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