Use of Oil Shale as a Catalyst and Hydrogen Donor in the Processing of Heavy Hydrocarbons: Accumulation of Rare Trace Elements and Production of Light Fractions
Baikenov M. Izbastenova D. Su X. Sarsenbekova A. Khalitova A. Tusipkhan A. Moldabayev A. Tulebaeva B. Baikenova G. Amangeldy S.
October 2025Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
ChemEngineering
2025#9Issue 5
This study presents an integrated approach to processing the heavy fraction of coal tar (HFCT) using oil shale (OS) from Shubarkol Komir JSC to simultaneously increase the yield of valuable hydrocarbon fractions and extract rare and dispersed trace elements. The lack of data on the effect of shale on the process and the kinetics of multi-component “tar + shale” systems limits the development of effective technologies. TG/DTG analysis was combined with the Friedman, Ozawa–Flynn–Wall, and Šesták–Berggren methods for the first time to evaluate the role of oil shale (OS). It was shown that the addition of 13% OS provides a sustained reduction in activation energy (~85–86 kJ/mol) and optimal conditions for hydrometallization. At 420 °C, an initial H2 pressure of 4 MPa, and a reaction time of 60 min, the yield of light fractions reaches 62.6%, and the solid residue concentrates Ti, Mo, Ge, and other rare and dispersed elements reach up to 66,000 g/t in total. The possibility of extracting Ge using the Purolite C100 sorbent has also been confirmed. The novelty of the study lies in demonstrating the donor–catalytic effect of shale and the practical prospects of solid residue as a secondary mineral raw materials.
coal tar , germanium , hydrodemetallization , oil shale , rare and dispersed elements , sorption , thermogravimetric analysis
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Faculty of Chemistry, Karaganda Buketov University, Karaganda, 100024, Kazakhstan
School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
Department of Chemistry, Kazakh National Women’s Teacher Training University, Almaty, 090000, Kazakhstan
Department of Natural Sciences, Baitursynov Kostanay Regional University, Kostanay, 110000, Kazakhstan
Department of Ecology and Assessment, Karaganda University of Kazpotrebsoyuz, Karaganda, 100000, Kazakhstan
Faculty of Chemistry
School of Environment and Energy
Department of Chemistry
Department of Natural Sciences
Department of Ecology and Assessment
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