Risk Assessment of Cryptojacking Attacks on Endpoint Systems: Threats to Sustainable Digital Agriculture
Babenko T. Kolesnikova K. Panchenko M. Abramkina O. Kiktev N. Meish Y. Mazurchuk P.
June 2025Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Sustainability (Switzerland)
2025#17Issue 12
Digital agriculture has rapidly developed in the last decade in many countries where the share of agricultural production is a significant part of the total volume of gross production. Digital agroecosystems are developed using a variety of IT solutions, software and hardware tools, wired and wireless data transmission technologies, open source code, Open API, etc. A special place in agroecosystems is occupied by electronic payment technologies and blockchain technologies, which allow farmers and other agricultural enterprises to conduct commodity and monetary transactions with suppliers, creditors, and buyers of products. Such ecosystems contribute to the sustainable development of agriculture, agricultural engineering, and management of production and financial operations in the agricultural industry and related industries, as well as in other sectors of the economy of a number of countries. The introduction of crypto solutions in the agricultural sector is designed to create integrated platforms aimed at helping farmers manage supply lines or gain access to financial services. At the same time, there are risks of illegal use of computing power for cryptocurrency mining—cryptojacking. This article offers a thorough risk assessment of cryptojacking attacks on endpoint systems, focusing on identifying critical vulnerabilities within IT infrastructures and outlining practical preventive measures. The analysis examines key attack vectors—including compromised websites, infected applications, and supply chain infiltration—and explores how unauthorized cryptocurrency mining degrades system performance and endangers data security. The research methodology combines an evaluation of current cybersecurity trends, a review of specialized literature, and a controlled experiment simulating cryptojacking attacks. The findings highlight the importance of multi-layered protection mechanisms and ongoing system monitoring to detect malicious activities at an early stage.
agroecosystem , cryptocurrency mining , cryptojacking , cybersecurity , endpoint systems , malicious scripts , risk assessment , risk management , security monitoring
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Department of Cybersecurity, International IT University, Manas Str., 34/1, Almaty, A15M0E6, Kazakhstan
Department of Information Systems, International IT University, Manas Str., 34/1, Almaty, A15M0E6, Kazakhstan
Faculty of Information Technology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrs’ka Str., 64/13, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
Education and Research Institute of Energetics, Automation and Energy Efficiency, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Heroiv Oborony Str. 15, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
Department of Cybersecurity
Department of Information Systems
Faculty of Information Technology
Education and Research Institute of Energetics
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