Incorporation of neodymium, holmium, erbium, and samarium (oxides) in zinc-borotellurite glass: Physical and optical comparative analysis
Azlina Y. Azlan M.N. Suriani A.B. Shaari H.R. Al-Hada N.M. Umar S.A. Kenzhaliyev B.K. Zaid M.H.M. Hisam R. Iskandar S.M. Yusof N.N. Yusoff A.H.
2025Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation JSC
Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra
2025#332Issue 132 - 48 pp.
Investigating the effect of different types of rare-earth oxides on zinc borotellurite glass is important to determine the potential application in optical devices. The addition of rare-earth oxides in zinc borotellurite glass is well-known to enhance the optical properties due to the effects of 4f-4f transitions. In this work, we aim to compare the effect of different rare-earth oxides on zinc borotellurite glass denoted as ZBTNd, ZBTHo, ZBTEr and ZBTSm. The glass samples were successfully fabricated via the melt-quenched technique. The physical investigation of the glasses has been done by measuring the density and molar volume. It was found that ZBTNd glass has the lowest density than the other glasses due to the small atomic radius in neodymium oxide. High-density value for ZBTHo glass shows potential to be used as radiation shielding properties. The high value of molar volume for ZBTNd glass is advantageous for fiber optics as ZBTNd glass has good performance in elasticity. It was found that ZBTEr has a lower refractive index than the other glasses due to low dispersion characteristics. However, ZBTEr glass has good performance to be used in optical communication applications. It was found that the optical absorption shifts to a longer wavelength beginning from ZBTEr > ZBTHo > ZBTNd > ZBTSm. The optical band gap energy for ZBTEr glass is higher than the other glasses due to the Coulomb repulsion energy for erbium which is greater than neodymium and samarium and slightly higher than holmium. The pattern of electronic polarizability for all glasses was found as follows ZBTSm>ZBTNd>ZBTEr>ZBTHo. The optical basicity for ZBTEr was found highest which indicates a higher acidity, meanwhile, the ZBTNd glass has the lowest value which corresponds to a higher basicity.
optical properties , rare-earth oxides , tellurite glass
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University Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Perak, Tanjong Malim, 35900, Malaysia
Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, China
Federal University Lafia, Nasarawa State, Lafia, Nigeria
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation, Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Serdang, 43400, Malaysia
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Shah Alam, 40450, Malaysia
School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang, 11800, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, 17600, Malaysia
University Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Institute of Biophysics
Federal University Lafia
Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation
Universiti Putra Malaysia
Universiti Teknologi MARA
School of Physics
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan
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