Instruments and Techniques for Long-term Monitoring of Optical Properties of Deep Waters of Lake Baikal
Avrorin A.D. Avrorin A.V. Aynutdinov V.M. Allakhverdyan V.A. Bardachova Z. Belolaptikov I.A. Bondarev E.A. Borina I.V. Budnev N.M. Chadymov V.A. Chepurnov A.S. Dik V. Doroshenko A.A. Domogatsky G.V. Dvornicky R. Dyachok A.N. Dzhilkibaev Z.-A.M. Eckerova E. Elzhov T.V. Fomin V.N. Gafarov A.R. Golubkov K.V. Gorshkov N.S. Gress T.I. Kebkal K.G. Kebkal V.K. Kharuk I.V. Khramov E.V. Kleimenov M.I. Kolbin M.M. Koligaev S.O. Konischev K.V. Korobchenko A.V. Koshechkin A.P. Kozhin V.A. Kruglov M.V. Kulepov V.F. Kulikov A.A. Lemeshev Y.E. Mirgazov R.R. Naumov D.V. Nikolaev A.S. Perevalova I.A. Petukhov D.P. Pliskovsky E.N. Rozanov M.I. Ryabov E.V. Safronov G.B. Shaybonov B.A. Shishkin V.Y. Shirokov E.V. Simkovic F. Sirenko A.E. Skurikhin A.V. Solovjev A.G. Sorokovikov M.N. Stekl I. Stromakov A.P. Suvorova O.V. Tabolenko V.A. Tretiak V.I. Yablokova Y.V. Zaborov D.N. Zavyalov S.I. Zvezdov D.Y.
October 2025Pleiades Publishing
Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics
2025#38Issue 5609 - 617 pp.
Abstract: The development of the deep underwater neutrino telescope BAIKAL-GVD involves the creation of equipment for regular long-term monitoring of inherent optical properties (IOP) of the aquatic environment within the effective volume of the telescope. Regular monitoring of IOP provides not only an increase in the accuracy of retrieving neutrino energy and direction, but also unique data for limnological studies. The paper describes the design of BAIKAL-5D devices developed to solve this problem and considers the methods and algorithms for in situ monitoring of IOP used in these devices. The sources of instrumental error in measuring the light absorption and scattering in water are examined and the necessary corrections are determined. Some results of measuring IOP of the deep waters of Lake Baikal using BAIKAL-5D devices are presented.
absorption , inherent optical properties , Lake Baikal , long-term monitoring , scattering , volume scattering function
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Institute for Nuclear Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow oblast, Dubna, 141980, Russian Federation
Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava, 814 99, Slovakia
Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, 664003, Russian Federation
Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, 050032, Kazakhstan
JSC “Laboratory of Hydroacoustic Telemetry and Navigation”, St. Petersburg, 199106, Russian Federation
Skobeltsyn Research Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation
Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, Nizhny Novgorod, 603155, Russian Federation
Saint Petersburg State Marine Technical University, Saint Petersburg, 190121, Russian Federation
Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, 16000, Czech Republic
LLC “Laboratory of Applied Information Technologies “Infrad”, Moscow oblast, Dubna, 141981, Russian Federation
Institute for Nuclear Research
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Univerzita Komenského
Irkutsk State University
Institute of Nuclear Physics
JSC “Laboratory of Hydroacoustic Telemetry and Navigation”
Skobeltsyn Research Institute of Nuclear Physics
Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University
Saint Petersburg State Marine Technical University
Czech Technical University in Prague
LLC “Laboratory of Applied Information Technologies “Infrad”
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