Comparative Effects of Fine and Conventional Shot Peening on Surface Morphology, Topography, Wettability, and Antibacterial Activity of Biomedical Ti6Al4V Alloy
Avcu E. Guney M. Yıldıran Avcu Y. Sulak M. Uzuner H. İlçe Bahadır M. Abakay E. Armağan M. Yamanoğlu R. Elibol C. Wagner M.F.X.
September 2025Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
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2025#15Issue 9
Interest in textured surfaces for biomaterials and implants is increasing, with shot peening emerging as a promising method for surface modification. This study investigates the influence of conventional and fine shot peening on the surface morphology, topography, wettability, and antibacterial properties of biomedical-grade Ti6Al4V alloy. Peening was conducted using a custom-built, fully automated system, employing fine (100–200 µm) and coarse (700–1000 µm) shots using well-controlled sets of parameters. Both treatments introduced severe plastic deformation on the surface, resulting in increased roughness. Conventionally shot-peened samples exhibited deeper and wider dimples compared to finely peened ones. Surface wettability shifted from hydrophilic (contact angle: ~4°, untreated) to hydrophobic, reaching contact angles of ~91° and ~100° for fine and conventional shot peening, respectively. Antibacterial assays against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were evaluated by normalizing colony counts to the untreated Ti6Al4V surface. The inherent antibacterial response of Ti6Al4V against E. coli was preserved after both shot peening treatments, showing no notable increase in bacterial proliferation. In contrast, adhesion of S. aureus increased, more notably on fine shot-peened surfaces, indicating a strain-specific response influenced by surface roughness and wettability. In summary, both fine and conventional shot peening altered the surface morphology, topography, and wettability of Ti6Al4V. At the same time, their antibacterial influence was strain-dependent, underscoring the need for careful parameter selection in biomedical applications.
antibacterial properties , biomaterials , implants , shot peening , surface metrology , surface roughness , surface wettability , titanium alloys
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Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, 41001, Turkey
Ford Otosan Ihsaniye Automotive Vocational School, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, 41650, Turkey
Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemnitz University of Technology, Erfenschlager Str. 73, Chemnitz, 09125, Germany
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, The Environment & Resource Efficiency Cluster (EREC), Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25100, Turkey
Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Kocaeli Vocational School of Health Services, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, 41001, Turkey
Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Sakarya University, Sakarya, 54050, Turkey
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, 34700, Turkey
Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, 41001, Turkey
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Ford Otosan Ihsaniye Automotive Vocational School
Institute of Materials Science and Engineering
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Department of Medical Pharmacology
Department of Medical Services and Techniques
Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering
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