Spatiotemporal Patterns of Air Pollution in an Industrialised City—A Case Study of Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan
Assanov D. Radelyuk I. Perederiy O. Galkin S. Maratova G. Zapasnyi V. Klemeš J.J.
December 2022MDPI
Atmosphere
2022#13Issue 12
Air quality issues still affect the quality of life for people in industrialised cities around the world. The investigations should include the identification of the sources of the pollution and its distribution in space and time. This work is the first attempt to perform identification of the sources of pollution in Ust-Kamenogorsk city in Kazakhstan. Analysis of retrospective data (including ten variables (TSP, SO2, CO, NO2, phenol, HF, HCl, H2SO4, formaldehyde, H2S) from five monitoring stations for the period 2017–2021) using multivariate statistical methods and hierarchical cluster analysis has been performed to assess spatiotemporal patterns of air quality of the city. The results indicate that the contamination patterns can be grouped into two categories: cold and warm seasons. The study revealed the dangerous concentrations of NO2 and SO2 exceeded the limits by 2–3 and 1.5–2 times, independently of the seasonality. Averaged concentrations of TSP slightly exceeded the established limits for the most industrialised part of the city. Concentrations of HF and formaldehyde significantly rose during the cold seasons compared to the warm seasons. Other chemical parameters significantly depend on the seasonality and locations of the sampling points. The major reason for air pollution is twofold—the use of a burnt-coal throughout the year for electricity and heat generation (especially during the cold seasons) and the high density of the heavy metallurgy industry in the city. The principal component analysis confirms a high loading of industrial sources of air pollution on both spatial and seasonal dimensions.
air pollution , air quality , cluster analysis , industrial emissions , principal component analysis
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Excellence Center Veritas, D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, 070000, Kazakhstan
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Toraighyrov University, Pavlodar, 140000, Kazakhstan
Laboratory “Atmosphere”, D. Serikbayev East, Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, 070000, Kazakhstan
Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory—SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology—VUT, Brno, 616 56, Czech Republic
Excellence Center Veritas
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies
Laboratory “Atmosphere”
Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory—SPIL
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