Recent advances in carbon-based nanomaterials for flame retardant polymers and composites
Araby S. Philips B. Meng Q. Ma J. Laoui T. Wang C.H.
1 May 2021Elsevier Ltd
Composites Part B: Engineering
2021#212
An urgent need is to reduce the flammability of polymers and manage their toxic thermal decomposition products. Although conventional halogenated, metallic and phosphorus-based flame retardants (FRs) proved effective, they are known to cause major damage to human health and the environment. Containing carbon nanomaterials as a new class of flame retarding additives, polymer nanocomposites have displayed high flame retardancy, mechanical performance and electrical and thermal conductivity – a feat unmatched by conventional FRs. In this article we review very recent advances in carbon nanomaterials as FRs for polymers and composites as well as new understanding of the underpinning flame retarding mechanisms. Carbon nanomaterials, i.e. graphene, carbon nanotubes and carbon black, are discussed as the alternatives to conventional fillers due to their effectiveness in improving the polymers flammability, mechanical properties and conductivity. The synergy between carbon-based nanofillers and conventional FRs is comprehensively reviewed, concluding that adding small fractions of carbon nanomaterials with conventional FRs into polymers can not only synergistically improve the flame retardancy but result in multifunctionalities such as thermal and electrical conductivity, without compromising the polymers’ mechanical performance. Chemically or physically combining carbon nanomaterials with other compounds or nanoadditives containing phosphorus and nitorgen elements can create significant synergies for multifunctional polymers and composites to attain superior flame-retardant properties.
carbon nanomaterials , Flame retardant , Flammability , Graphene , Nanocomposite , Polymer
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University of South Australia, UniSA STEM and Future Industries Institute, 5095, SA, Australia
School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Benha Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Egypt
College of Aerospace Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, 110136, China
Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia
University of South Australia
School of Engineering and Digital Sciences
Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Aerospace Engineering
Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
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