Gauge Invariance at Large Charge

Antipin O. Bednyakov A. Bersini J. Panopoulos P. Pikelner A.
13 January 2023 American Physical Society

Physical Review Letters
2023 #130 Issue 2

Quantum field theories with global symmetries simplify considerably in the large-charge limit allowing us to compute correlators via a semiclassical expansion in the inverse powers of the conserved charges. A generalization of the approach to gauge symmetries has faced the problem of defining gauge-independent observables and, therefore, has not been developed so far. We employ the large-charge expansion to calculate the scaling dimension of the lowest-lying operators carrying U(1) charge Q in the critical Abelian Higgs model in D=4-ϵ dimensions to leading and next-to-leading orders in the charge and all orders in the ϵ expansion. Remarkably, the results match our independent diagrammatic computation of the three-loop scaling dimension of the operator φQ(x) in the Landau gauge. We argue that this matching is a consequence of the equivalence between the gauge-independent dressed two-point function of Dirac type with the gauge-dependent two-point function of φQ(x) in the Landau gauge. We, therefore, shed new light on the problem of defining gauge-independent exponents which has been controversial in the literature on critical superconductors, as well as lay the foundation for large-charge methods in gauge theories.

Text of the article Перейти на текст статьи

Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division of Theoretical Physics, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980, Russian Federation
Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8583, Japan
The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, 050032, Kazakhstan

Rudjer Boskovic Institute
Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics
Kavli IPMU (WPI)
The Institute of Nuclear Physics

10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель

Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026