Late Pleistocene Environments of East Kazakhstan (Based on Ushbulak Site Materials)

Anoikin A.A. Pavlenok G.D. Silaev V.I. Shnaider S.V. Koval V.V. Devyatova A.Y. Vasiliev S.K. Bocharova E.N. Kharevich V.M. Taimagambetov Z.K.
2023 Institute of Archaeology and Enthnography of the Siberian Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences

Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia
2023 #51 Issue 3 75 - 85 pp.

We reconstruct environmental conditions at various stages of the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene of East Kazakhstan. The reconstructions are based on materials from the stratifi ed Ushbulak site in the Shilikta Valley, spanning a period from the Early Upper Paleolithic to the Bronze Age. Climatic changes were evaluated using natural science methods-mineralogical, ZooArchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS), OSL- and AMS-dating, etc. Sevaral stages, relating to environmental changes, are evaluated. The fi rst period (∼52-37 ka BP) was period of moderately warm and relatively humid climate, with predominantly forest-steppe, meadow-steppe, and semidesert landscapes. The second period (∼25-21 ka BP) coincided with a transition from a moderately warm to a very cold and more arid climate dominated by steppes. The third period (∼18-16 ka BP) was transitional from the glacial maximum to the postglacial interstadial, with a relatively cool and arid climate and mostly steppe and forest-steppe landscapes. The fourth period (∼15-14 ka BP) was characterized by the warmest climate in the Late Pleistocene; steppe and forest-steppe vegetation dominated. During the latest, Early Holocene period, the climate was warm and humid, with savanna-like landscapes. The analysis of natural-climatic conditions allows us to conclude that the early stage of the sites functioning, characterized by the highest intensity of settlement, was optimal for ancient man.

East Kazakhstan , litho-chemical analysis , mineralogical and geochemical analyses , paleoclimate , paleontology , ZooMS

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Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
Altai State University, Pr. Lenina 61, Barnaul, 656049, Russian Federation
Institute of Geology, Komi Federal Research Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomaiskaya 54, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russian Federation
ZooSCAn International Research Laboratory, IRL 2013, CNRS-IAET SB RAS, Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
Trofi muk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Pr. Tauelsizdik 54, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography
Altai State University
Institute of Geology
ZooSCAn International Research Laboratory
Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine
Trofi muk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics
National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan

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