Anger and disgust shape judgments of social sanctions across cultures, especially in high individual autonomy societies

Andersson P.A. Vartanova I. Västfjäll D. Tinghög G. Strimling P. Wu J. Hazin I. Akotia C.S. Aldashev A. Andrighetto G. Anum A. Arikan G. Bagherian F. Barrera D. Basnight-Brown D. Batkeyev B. Berezina E. Björnstjerna M. Boski P. Bovina I. Huyen B.T.T. Čekrlija Đ. Choi H.-S. Contreras-Ibáñez C.C. Costa-Lopes R. de Barra M. de Zoysa P. Dorrough A.R. Dvoryanchikov N. Engelmann J.B. Euh H. Fang X. Fiedler S. Foster-Gimbel O.A. Fülöp M. Gardarsdottir R.B. Gill C.M.H.D. Glöckner A. Graf S. Grigoryan A. Gritskov V. Growiec K. Halama P. Hartanto A. Hopthrow T. Hřebíčková M. Iliško D. Imada H. Kapoor H. Kawakami K. Khachatryan N. Kharchenko N. Kiyonari T. Kohút M. Leslie L.M. Li Y. Li N.P. Li Z. Liik K. Maitner A.T. Manhique B. Manley H. Medhioub I. Mentser S. Nejat P. Nipassa O. Nussinson R. Onyedire N.G. Onyishi I.E. Panagiotopoulou P. Perez-Floriano L.R. Persson M. Pirttilä-Backman A.-M. Pogosyan M. Raver J. Rodrigues R.B. Romanò S. Romero P.P. Sakki I. San Martin A. Sherbaji S. Shimizu H. Simpson B. Szabo E. Takemura K. Teixeira M.L.M. Thanomkul N. Tiliouine H. Travaglino G.A. Tsirbas Y. Widodo S. Zein R. Zirganou-Kazolea L. Eriksson K.
7 March 2024 Nature Research

Scientific Reports
2024 #14 Issue 1

When someone violates a social norm, others may think that some sanction would be appropriate. We examine how the experience of emotions like anger and disgust relate to the judged appropriateness of sanctions, in a pre-registered analysis of data from a large-scale study in 56 societies. Across the world, we find that individuals who experience anger and disgust over a norm violation are more likely to endorse confrontation, ostracism and, to a smaller extent, gossip. Moreover, we find that the experience of anger is consistently the strongest predictor of judgments of confrontation, compared to other emotions. Although the link between state-based emotions and judgments may seem universal, its strength varies across countries. Aligned with theoretical predictions, this link is stronger in societies, and among individuals, that place higher value on individual autonomy. Thus, autonomy values may increase the role that emotions play in guiding judgments of social sanctions.

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Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, 581 83, Sweden
JEDILab, Division of Economics, Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
Institute for Futures Studies, Stockholm, 101 31, Sweden
JEDILab, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lincui Road 16, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
International School of Economics, Kazakh-British Technical University, 59 Tole Bi Street, Almaty, 050000, Kazakhstan
Mälardalen University, Västerås, 721 23, Sweden
Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, 00185, Italy
Department of Political Science, Trinity College Dublin, 2-3 College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
University of Turin and Collegio Carlo Alberto, Lungo Dora Siena 100, Turin, 10124, Italy
School of Humanities and Social Sciences, United States International University Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Petaling Jaya, 47500, Malaysia
SWPS University, Chodakowska 19-31, Warsaw, 03-815, Poland
Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Sretenka Str., 29, Moscow, 127051, Russian Federation
Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Faculty of Philosophy, University of Banja Luka, Vojvode Petra Bojovića 1A, Banja Luka, 78000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, 25-2, Sungkyunkwan-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03063, South Korea
Departamento de Sociología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Ciudad de México, 09340, Mexico
Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Anibal de Bettencourt, 9, Lisboa, 1600-189, Portugal
Center for Culture and Evolution, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka
Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, Richard-Strauss-Str. 2, Cologne, 50931, Germany
Center for Research in Experimental Economics and Political Decision Making (CREED), Amsterdam School of Economics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1001 NJ, Netherlands
Gies College of Business, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 S 6Th St., Champaign, 61820, IL, United States
Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
Vienna University of Economics and Business, Welthandelsplatz 1, Vienna, 1020, Austria
Stern School of Business, New York University, 40 West 4Th Street, Tisch Hall, Suite 700, New York, 10012, NY, United States
HUN-REN Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church, Bécsi Út 324, Budapest, 1034, Hungary
Faculty of Psychology, University of Iceland, Nyi Gardur, Saemundargata 12, Reykjavík, IS-102, Iceland
Universal College Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Kurt-Schumacher-Str. 10, Bonn, 53113, Germany
Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
Department of Personality Psychology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
Saint Petersburg State University, 7-9 Universitetskaya Emb., St Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
Center for Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, 90 Stamford Road, Singapore, 178903, Singapore
School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NP, United Kingdom
Daugavpils University, Latvia, Parades Street 1, Room 432, Daugvapils, 5400, Latvia
Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
Department of Psychology, Monk Prayogshala, 4114, C Wing, Oberoi Garden Estates, Off Saki Vihar Road, Andheri East, Maharashtra, Mumbai, 400072, India
Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada
Kyiv International Institute of Sociology, Voloska Str., 8/5, Build. 4, Kyiv, 04070, Ukraine
Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1, Fuchinobe, Chuo-Ku, Kanagawa, Sagamihara-City, 252-5258, Japan
Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, University of Trnava, Hornopotočná 23, Trnava, 918 43, Slovakia
Melbourne School of Psychological Science, University of Melbourne, 1116 Redmond Barry Building, Melbourne, 3010, VIC, Australia
Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, N6A 5C2, ON, Canada
School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Narva Rd 25, Tallinn, 10120, Estonia
Department of Psychology, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Department of Sociology, Eduardo Mondlane University, Av. Julius Nyerere, 3453, Main Campus, Maputo, Mozambique
Faculty of Behavioral Sciences, Education, & amp; Languages, HELP University Subang 2, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
Faculty of Psychology, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
Department of Finance, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Department of Education and Psychology, The Open University of Israel, 1 University Road, Raanana, 4353701, Israel
Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making, University of Haifa, Abba Khoushy Ave 199, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 41000, Nigeria
Department of Education and Social Work, University of Patras, Patras, Rion, 26500, Greece
Facultad de Economía y Empresa, Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Sta. Clara 797, Región Metropolitana, Huechuraba, Chile
Faculty of Social Sciences, Social Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
Leadership and Management, Amsterdam Business School, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1001 NB, Netherlands
Queen’s University, Goodes Hall, Kingston, K7L 3N6, ON, Canada
Instituto Universitário de Lisboa ISCTE-IUL, CIS, Avenida das Forças Armadas, Lisbon, 1649-026, Portugal
Department of Culture, Politics and Society, University of Turin, Turin, 10135, Italy
Experimental and Computational Economics Lab (ECEL), School of Economics, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y Pampite, Quito, Ecuador
Faculty of Social Sciences, Social Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
IESE Business School, Camino del Cerro del Águila, 3, Madrid, 28023, Spain
Department of International Studies, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Department of Anthropology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
Kwansei Gakuin University, 1-155 Uegahara 1Bancho, Hyogo, Nishinomiya, 662-8501, Japan
Department of Sociology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 29208, SC, United States
Department of International Management, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Str. 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
Faculty of Economics, Shiga University, 1-1-1 Banba, Shiga, Hikone, 522-8522, Japan
Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Business Administration Postgraduate Program, Consolação St, 930, São Paulo, CEP 01302-000, Brazil
Labo-PECS, Faculty of Social Sciences, Université d’Oran 2, Oran, 31000, Algeria
Department of Law and Criminology, Institute for the Study of Power, Crime, and Society, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
Department of Political Science and Public Administration, University of Athens, 6 Themistokleous Street, Athens, 10678, Greece
Department of Psychology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus B Unair Jalan Airlangga 4-6, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia
The Institute for Analytical Sociology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
Institute of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning
JEDILab
Institute for Futures Studies
JEDILab
CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science
Department of Psychology
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health
Department of Psychology
International School of Economics
Mälardalen University
Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies
Department of Political Science
Faculty of Education and Psychology
University of Turin and Collegio Carlo Alberto
School of Humanities and Social Sciences
Sunway University
SWPS University
Moscow State University of Psychology and Education
Hanoi National University of Education
Faculty of Philosophy
Department of Psychology
Departamento de Sociología
Instituto de Ciências Sociais
Center for Culture and Evolution
Faculty of Medicine
Department of Psychology
Center for Research in Experimental Economics and Political Decision Making (CREED)
Gies College of Business
Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
Vienna University of Economics and Business
Stern School of Business
HUN-REN Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology
Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church
Faculty of Psychology
Universal College Bangladesh
Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods
Institute of Psychology
Department of Personality Psychology
Saint Petersburg State University
Center for Social and Psychological Sciences
School of Social Sciences
School of Psychology
Daugavpils University
Department of Psychology
Department of Psychology
Department of Psychology
Kyiv International Institute of Sociology
Aoyama Gakuin University
Faculty of Philosophy and Arts
Melbourne School of Psychological Science
Department of Psychology
School of Natural Sciences and Health
Department of Psychology
Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences
Faculty of Behavioral Sciences
Faculty of Psychology
Department of Finance
Department of Education and Psychology
Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making
Department of Psychology
Department of Education and Social Work
Facultad de Economía y Empresa
Faculty of Social Sciences
Leadership and Management
Queen’s University
Instituto Universitário de Lisboa ISCTE-IUL
Department of Culture
Experimental and Computational Economics Lab (ECEL)
Faculty of Social Sciences
IESE Business School
Department of International Studies
Department of Anthropology
Kwansei Gakuin University
Department of Sociology
Department of International Management
Faculty of Economics
Mackenzie Presbyterian University
Labo-PECS
Department of Law and Criminology
Department of Political Science and Public Administration
Department of Psychology
The Institute for Analytical Sociology
Institute of Psychology

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