Rhazes’ insights on abortion and abortogenic drugs in relation to modern concepts
Amrollahi-Sharifabadi M. Orimi J.R. Zaidi S.M.A. Oladejo T.O. Rahman A. Abass S. Ahmad S. Abdelaziz S. Bahrami-Tapehbour M. Fawzy M.M.M. Mojahedi M.
May 2025Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology
2025#398Issue 54851 - 4873 pp.
Abortion remains one of the most prevalent complications of pregnancy, contributing significantly to maternal mortality and presenting a substantial public health challenge. This study aimed to explore Rhazes’ perspective on abortion and abortifacient medicinal plants he mentioned in Kitāb al-Ḥāwī fī al-Ṭibb. A detailed analysis of his seminal work, Kitāb al-Ḥāwī fī al-Ṭibb, was conducted. Relevant keywords such as abortion, stillbirth, fetus, drugs, and abortifacients were examined within Kitāb al-Ḥāwī fī al-Ṭibb. The analysis included Rhazes’ viewpoints on abortion and the abortogenic drugs he mentioned, as well as their methods of administration, including oral dosage forms and vaginal formulations. Furthermore, relevant current literature was used to find the potential scientific rationales for Rhazes’ insights. Our findings indicate that Rhazes contributed to obstetrics and gynecology as he discussed abortion, its prevention, and management in his book. Also, he identified various medicinal plants with potential abortogenic properties. Rhazes explained various administration methods, including rub, decoction, inhalation, suppository, enema, incense, and water bath. Even though his clinical practices and detailed observations provide a rich context for understanding the historical use of these agents, evidence-based medical practices need to be conducted to cleave potentially usable parts of Rhazes’ perspectives and his approaches to the prevention and treatment of abortion. Moreover, there is a pressing need for well-designed randomized clinical trials to rigorously evaluate the potential efficacy and safety of the medical insights and the potential therapeutic herbal agents he described.
Abortion , Persian medicine , Pharmacology , Rhazes , Toxicology , Unani medicine
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Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, 5th Kilometer of Khorramabad-Boroujerd Highway, Khorramabad, 68151-44316, Iran
Pre-hospital Emergency Medical Services and Disaster Management Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Department of Persian Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Department of Moalajat (Internal Medicine), Hakim Syed Ziaul Hasan (HSZH) Government Unani Medical College, Bhopal, 462003, India
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Nazarbayev School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine (Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology), Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, 68151-44316, Iran
Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
Department of Basic Sciences
Pre-hospital Emergency Medical Services and Disaster Management Center
Department of Persian Medicine
Department of Moalajat (Internal Medicine)
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine (Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology)
Department of Pharmacognosy
Department of Anatomy and Embryology
Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology
Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center
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