Research and Development of the Components of Gas Generating Compositions based on Sodium Nitrate for Improving Safety during Artificial Objects Destruction
Amir Z.A. Zhexembay A.K. Afanasev N.V. Chernyavskaya O.M. Urymbayeva A.A.
2022STC Industrial Safety CJSC
Bezopasnost Truda v Promyshlennosti
2022#2022Issue 107 - 14 pp.
In the process of extraction of the piece stone and in the destruction of concrete and brick buildings in dense urban areas, the issue of safety and efficiency of work is very important. For reducing the percussive action during blasting operations, various methods and means are used. Currently, when extracting block stone, the substances are used that can create pressure in the hole due to the combustion reaction in the deflagration mode. The article is devoted to the research and development of gas-generating compositions based on the sodium nitrate to improve safety during the destruction of artificial objects. Sodium nitrate was chosen as an oxidizer, this is primarily due to the low cost of sodium nitrate, low sensitivity to mechanical and detonation effects, and a significantly lower content of harmful compounds in the combustion products compared to analogues. Magnesium and carbon (from a gas mask and walnut) were used as fuel. Tests for the flammability of mixtures and thermody-namic calculations of combustion parameters were carried out to determine the optimal ratio of the initial components. It was established that a sufficiently high efficiency and uniformity of combustion are observed at a ratio of the initial components of 60 % — NaNO3, 20 % — Mg, 20 % — C. X-ray phase analysis of solid combustion products was carried out. It is shown that the main products are magnesium oxide and sodium carbonate. Field experiments on the destruction of concrete blocks were carried out. The performed studies and field tests showed high efficiency and safety of the use of the developed gas generator composition for the destruction of artificial objects, which can be used for the directed destruction of artificial objects or rocks of medium strength with a coefficient of 8 on the scale of the professor MM. Protodyakonov. The destruction of the concrete block occurred without the scattering of individual stone frag-ments, the formation and propagation of a shock air wave.
artificial objects , carbon , gas generator composition , safety , sodium nitrate
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Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
Kostanay Regional University named after A. Baitursynov, Kostanay, Kazakhstan
International Kazakh-Turkish University named after Kh.A. Yassavi, Turkestan, Kazakhstan
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov
Kostanay Regional University named after A. Baitursynov
International Kazakh-Turkish University named after Kh.A. Yassavi
10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель
Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026