Probing the Galactic Neutrino Flux at Neutrino Energies above 200TeV with the Baikal Gigaton Volume Detector
Allakhverdyan V.A. Avrorin A.D. Avrorin A.V. Aynutdinov V.M. Bardačová Z. Belolaptikov I.A. Bondarev E.A. Borina I.V. Budnev N.M. Chadymov V.A. Chepurnov A.S. Dik V.Y. Domogatsky G.V. Doroshenko A.A. Dvornický R. Dyachok A.N. Dzhilkibaev Z.A.M. Eckerová E. Elzhov T.V. Fomin V.N. Gafarov A.R. Golubkov K.V. Gorshkov N.S. Gress T.I. Kebkal K.G. Kebkal V.K. Kharuk I.V. Khramov E.V. Kleimenov M.I. Kolbin M.M. Koligaev S.O. Konischev K.V. Korobchenko A.V. Koshechkin A.P. Kozhin V.A. Kruglov M.V. Kulepov V.F. Kulikov A.A. Lemeshev Y.E. Mirgazov R.R. Naumov D.V. Nikolaev A.S. Perevalova I.A. Petukhov D.P. Pliskovsky E.N. Rozanov M.I. Ryabov E.V. Safronov G.B. Shaybonov B.A. Shishkin V.Y. Shirokov E.V. Šimkovic F. Sirenko A.E. Skurikhin A.V. Solovjev A.G. Sorokovikov M.N. Štekl I. Stromakov A.P. Suvorova O.V. Tabolenko V.A. Tretjak V.I. Ulzutuev B.B. Yablokova Y.V. Zaborov D.N. Zavyalov S.I. Zvezdov D.Y. Kovalev Y.Y. Plavin A.V. Semikoz D.V. Troitsky S.V.
1 April 2025Institute of Physics
Astrophysical Journal
2025#982Issue 2
Recent observations of the Galactic component of the high-energy neutrino flux, together with the detection of the diffuse Galactic gamma-ray emission up to sub-PeV energies, open new possibilities to study the acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays in the Milky Way. At the same time, both large nonastrophysical backgrounds at TeV energies and the scarcity of neutrino events in the sub-PeV band currently limit these analyses. Here, we use the sample of cascade events with estimated neutrino energies above 200 TeV, detected by the partially deployed Baikal Gigaton Volume Detector (GVD) in 6 yr of operation, to test the continuation of the Galactic neutrino spectrum to sub-PeV energies. We find that the distribution of the arrival directions of Baikal-GVD cascades above 200 TeV in the sky suggests an excess of neutrinos from low Galactic latitudes with the chance probability of 1.4 × 10−2. We also find the excess above 200 TeV in the most recent IceCube public data sets, both of cascades and tracks. The chance probability of the excess in the combined IceCube and Baikal-GVD analysis is 3.4 × 10−4. The flux of Galactic neutrinos above 200 TeV challenges often-used templates for neutrino search based on cosmic-ray simulations.
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Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980, Russian Federation
Institute for Nuclear Research, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 60th October Anniversary Prospect 7a, Moscow, 117312, Russian Federation
Comenius University, Bratislava, 81499, Slovakia
Czech Technical University in Prague, Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Prague, 11000, Czech Republic
Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, 664003, Russian Federation
Skobeltsyn Research Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
Institute of Nuclear Physics ME RK, Almaty, 050032, Kazakhstan
LATENA, St. Petersburg, 199106, Russian Federation
INFRAD, Dubna, 141981, Russian Federation
Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation
Sankt Petersburg State Marine Technical University, Sankt Petersburg, 190008, Russian Federation
Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, Bonn, 53121, Germany
Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, 02138, MA, United States
APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 119 75205, France
Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-2 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Institute for Nuclear Research
Comenius University
Czech Technical University in Prague
Irkutsk State University
Skobeltsyn Research Institute of Nuclear Physics
Institute of Nuclear Physics ME RK
LATENA
INFRAD
Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University
Sankt Petersburg State Marine Technical University
Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie
Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University
APC
Physics Department
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