Pharmacological activity of subcritical CO2 extract of Plantago major
Alimova U. Ustenova G. Kozhanova K. Zhandabayeva M. Kantureyeva A. Mombekov S. Mukanova A. Alimzhanova M. Yudina Y. Hrubnyk I. Maloshtan L. Botabayeva R.
25 July 2025Oles Honchar Dnipro National University
Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems
2025#16Issue 2
This study comprehensively investigates the anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, and toxicological properties of Plantago major CO2 extract using a series of in vivo experimental models in rats and mice. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed in two models of acute inflammation. In the carrageenan-induced paw edema model, which reflects prostaglandinmediated inflammation, the extract demonstrated a dose-dependent effect. At the highest dose of 50 mg/kg, paw swelling was reduced by up to 43% during peak inflammation, though the effect remained inferior to that of the reference drug, sodium diclofenac. In the zymosan-induced paw edema model, which mimics leukotriene-driven inflammation via the lipoxygenase pathway, the extract at a dose of 50 mg/kg significantly inhibited edema formation throughout the experiment and showed comparable efficacy to quercetin, suggesting potential lipoxygenase inhibition. The reparative effects of the extract were examined in a linear skin incision model. Administration of the extract at 50 mg/kg significantly increased the tensile strength of the wound (578.4 ± 4.2 vs. 416.6 ± 6.0 g in the control group), accelerated granulation tissue formation, and normalized serum protein levels, indicating improved wound healing capacity. In acute toxicity studies, no signs of behavioral abnormalities or mortality were observed in rats or mice following a single oral dose of up to 5000 mg/kg. According to standard toxicological classifications, the extract can be considered practically non-toxic. Taken together, the results indicate that P. major CO2 extract possesses moderate but stable anti-inflammatory activity, notable wound-healing potential, and excellent safety. These findings support the further pharmacological development of the extract and highlight its promise as a plant-derived therapeutic agent for treating inflammatory conditions and promoting tissue repair.
acute toxicity , anti-inflammatory activity , CO2 extract , Plantago major , wound healing activity
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S. D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Tole Bi st., 94, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Tole Bi st., 96A, Almaty, Kazakhstan
National Technical University “Kharkov Polytechnic Institute”, Department of General Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Medical College under “South Kazakhstan Academy of Medicine” JSC, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
S. D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
National Technical University “Kharkov Polytechnic Institute”
Medical College under “South Kazakhstan Academy of Medicine” JSC
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