Thermal management improvement of batteries by use of Nanofluids: A comprehensive and updated review
Alhuyi Nazari M. Ahmadi M.H. Kumar R. Ongar B. Zhansulu U. Blazek V. Prokop L. Misak S.
September 2025Elsevier B.V.
International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow
2025#115
Along with the evolution of renewable energy technologies and some other systems such as electric vehicle, demands for batteries as storage unit has increased. Keeping the temperature of batteries in a specific range is necessary to have reliable performance and prevent degradation. In regard to the enhanced thermophysical specifications compared with pure heat transfer fluids, nanofluids would be attractive alternatives for them in thermal management of batteries. The purpose of this article is to identify the impact of using nanofluids for thermal management of batteries as heat transfer fluid with improved properties and evaluate the impactful factors in their cooling performance both as direct coolant or operating fluid of heat pipes as cooling mediums. In this regard, this article reviews the studies implemented on the thermal management of batteries by use of nanofluids. Reduction in maximum temperature of battery packs and temperature difference, due to elevation of heart transfer as a consequence of increment in the thermal conductivity, are the most remarkable outcome of using nanofluids for battery thermal management. Although nanofluids could be advantageous in term of heat transfer intensification, increment in the pressure drop can be one of the disadvantages in conditions of using liquid flow. In cases of using nanofluidic thermal mediums like heat pipes, the enhancement in the cooling performance can be attributed to some other factors, e.g. increase of nucleation sites for promotion of two-phase heat transfer, as well as thermal conductivity elevation. Concentration of the nanomaterials, operating conditions, specifications of the solid phase are among the most significant items in the effectiveness of the cooling techniques with nanofluids. In design of nanofluidic thermal management units of batteries, the mentioned influential factors must be taken into account to reach the optimal performance.
Battery , Electric vehicle , Heat pipe , Nanofluid , Thermal management
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Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
School of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
Department of Power Engineering, Satbayev University, 22a Satpaev str., Almaty, 050013, Kazakhstan
Department of Power Engineering, ALT University named after Mukhamedzhan Tynyshpayev, 97 Shevchenko str, Almaty, 050012, Kazakhstan
ENET Centre, CEET, VSB—Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, 708 00, Czech Republic
Institute of Research and Development
School of Engineering & Technology
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
School of Mechanical Engineering
Department of Power Engineering
Department of Power Engineering
ENET Centre
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