Cosmic distance duality after DESI 2024 data release and dark energy evolution
Alfano A.C. Luongo O.
February 2026Elsevier B.V.
Physics of the Dark Universe
2026#51
The cosmic distance duality relates angular-diameter and luminosity distances ensuring the cosmological principle, null geodesic motion of photons, and photon number conservation. Hence, any violations would challenge any metric theory of gravity. On the other hand, although independent from the specific cosmological model, it is particularly relevant to revisit the cosmic distance duality in view of recent DESI results, favoring dynamical dark energy over a cosmological constant standard paradigm. To do so, we take into account possible violations by considering four different parameterizations, namely: a Taylor expansion around z ≃ 0, a slightly-departing logarithmic correction, a (1;2) Padé rational series to heal the convergence problem and a Chebyshev polynomial expansion, reducing de facto the systematic errors associated with the analysis. We test each of them in a model-independent (-dependent) way, by working out Monte-Carlo Markov chain analyses, employing the Bézier interpolation of the Hubble rate H (z) for the model-independent approach while assuming the flat (non-flat) ΛCDM and ω 0 ω 1CDM models, motivating the latter paradigm in view of the DESI findings. Subsequently, we explore two analyses, employing observational Hubble data, galaxy clusters from the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect and type Ia supernovae, investigating the impact of the DESI data catalog, first including then excluding the entire data set. Afterwards, we adopt statistical model selection criteria to assess the statistically favored cosmological model. Our results suggest no violation of the cosmic distance duality as the contour plots suggest, where the parameter used to address a possible violation is independent of the background cosmological models adopted. Moreover, from our analyses we conclude that the Taylor parametrization is the worst performing and that the largest deviations from 0 at z ≈ 2 are found when the DESI sample is removed. In particular, for the flat case the cosmic distance duality is less than 2.1% (Bézier), 1.7% (ΛCDM) and 2.1% (ω 0 ω 1CDM) with DESI versus 5.1% (Bézier), 3.3% (ΛCDM) and 7.0% (ω 0 ω 1CDM) without DESI. This is even more accentuated when the curvature is accounted for, when we consider DESI the cosmic distance duality is less 4.0%, 1.2% and 2.1% while without the BAO it is less than 22.0%, 2.2% and 11.0% for Bézier, the concordance and ω 0 ω 1CDM scenario, respectively. Finally, while a slight spatial curvature cannot be entirely excluded, the preferred cosmological model remains the flat ΛCDM background, even when incorporating DESI data. Copyright
Cosmological constant , Dark energy , Distance duality
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Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo S. Marcellino 10, Napoli, 80138, Italy
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 9 Edificio G, Napoli, 80138, Italy
Divisione di Fisica, Universit‘a di Camerino, Via Madonna delle carceri 9, Camerino, 62032, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Perugia, Perugia, 06123, Italy
INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Milano, Italy
Al-Farabi, Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi av. 71, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Scuola Superiore Meridionale
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)
Divisione di Fisica
INFN
INAF
Al-Farabi
10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель
Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026