Bioaccessibility of potentially toxic elements in toys and childrens jewelry
Akimzhanova Z. Guney M.
December 2022Elsevier B.V.
Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health
2022#30
Toys and childrens jewelry may contain potentially toxic elements (PTEs), among which Pb and Cd pose the highest risks due to their toxicity and abundance. Metallic toys and jewelry form the most problematic category. Childrens exposure scenarios to contaminated items include ingestion, mouthing, and dermal contact (in order of severity). Using PTE bioaccessibility (migratable fraction in physiological fluids) in risk characterization helps assessing risks more accurately than using total PTE concentrations. Key research challenges with bioaccessibility include test improvements, standardization, and in vivo validation. Legal limits should be ideally implemented on migratable (instead of total) PTE concentrations for toys, childrens jewelry, and other childrens goods. Furthermore, jewelry testing for legal limits should be conducted on damaged items (simulating mouthing behavior) as damage to metallic items could cause drastic increases in PTE bioaccessibility. Utilizing recycled materials for production is promising for sustainability, but contaminant bioavailability must be thoroughly investigated.
Cadmium (Cd) , Contaminant exposure , In vitro bioaccessibility , Lead (Pb) , Oral bioavailability , Toy contamination
Text of the article Перейти на текст статьи
Environmental Engineering and, Sustainability Management, École Polytechnique, Route de Saclay, CEDEX, Palaiseau, 91128, France
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Environment & Resource Efficiency Cluster (EREC), Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Avenue 53, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
Environmental Engineering and
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель
Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026