Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in the Management of Tumor Lysis Syndrome in Children: A Review of Cases

Aidynbek Z. Kakenov E. Mironova O. Ydyrysheva K. Li T. Sazonov V.
April 2025 Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)

Journal of Clinical Medicine
2025 #14 Issue 8

Background/Objectives: Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a life-threatening oncologic emergency that occurs in pediatric patients undergoing chemotherapy. Severe complications, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute kidney injury (AKI), and cardiogenic shock, may require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Methods: This paper is a nonsystematic review of cases that synthesizes available case reports to evaluate the efficacy and outcomes of ECMO in pediatric TLS. Results: A systematic search identified five cases in which ECMO was used with a mean duration of 14 days. Survival rates were favorable and ECMO played a critical role in bridging these patients through multi-organ failure. Conclusions: While ECMO is a viable rescue therapy for severe TLS, associated complications, such as infections, bleeding, and neurological impairment, warrant careful patient selection and management. Future studies should explore standardized guidelines for the use of ECMO in pediatric oncology patients.

critical care , ECMO , oncology , pediatric , tumor lysis syndrome

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Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kerey Zhanibek Handar Street 5/1, Astana, Z05K4F4, Kazakhstan
Pediatric Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Mother and Child Health Center, University Medical Center, Turan 32, Astana, Z05G9F0, Kazakhstan
Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Heart Center, University Medical Center, Turan 38, Astana, Z05G9F9, Kazakhstan
Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kerey Zhanibek Handar Street 5/1, Astana, Z05K4F4, Kazakhstan

Department of Medicine
Pediatric Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit
Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care
Department of Surgery

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