Therapeutic Effects of Cynodon dactylon (C. dactylon) against Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Induced by Letrozole in Adult Rats: Ovarian and Uterine Aspects

Ahmadi M. Zare A. Shirazi M.R.J. Askari S. Khoradmehr A. Mussin N.M. Kaliyev A.A. Rezazadeh F.M. Saedi S. Taromsari M.D. Boostani A. Tanideh N. Zhilisbayeva K.R. Sharofiddin R.S. Tamadon A.
April 2025 Royan Institute (ACECR)

International Journal of Fertility and Sterility
2025 #19 Issue 2 200 - 218 pp.

Background: Cynodon dactylon traditionally employed or treating hormonal problems in women. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of C. dactylon hydroalcoholic extract of on letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adult rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, hydroalcoholic extract was prepared from the whole plant except the root. Then, 16 female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. In the control group, the PCOS model was not induced and no treatment was performed. The PCOS-induced groups received 1 mg/kg of body-weight letro-zole daily by gavage for 21 days. In the PCOS-induced groups two groups were orally treated with 250 mg/kg body weight daily metformin or 500 mg/kg body weight daily C. dactylon extract, 28 days after PCOS induction. Hormonal, histopathologic, and histomorphometric analyses were performed. Molecular docking also done to evaluate effect of C. dactylon extract on receptors involved in the pathophysiology of PCOS. Results: C. dactylon had a remarkable positive effect on estrous cycles and also led to a significant reduction in the weight of PCOS rats. Moreover, C. dactylon extract mitigates PCOS-induced hormonal imbalances including a significant decrease in testosterone and estrogen levels, as well as increased progesterone levels. Ovarian and uterine structures were improved including reducing theca layer thickness, enhancing antral follicular areas, and a significant decrease in the luminal area of the perimetrial layer, endometrial glands, and the total uterine area when compared to the PCOS group. Besides, molecular docking analysis showed that Ar-tumerone, Tumerone, Tricyclo[6.3.0.0(1,5)] undec-2-en-4-one, 2,3,5,9-tetramethyl, Curlone, and 3-Tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole showed the most binding affinity to the receptors that play crucial role in the pathophysiology of PCOS. Conclusion: C. dactylon extract could display positive effects on both the ovary and uterus of letrozole-induced PCOS rats. Therefore, C. dactylon had therapeutic effects on the ovary and uterus of PCOS-induced rat models.

Cynodon dactylon , Ovarian Follicles , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome , Sex Hormones , Uterus

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Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
PerciaVista R&D Co., Shiraz, Iran
The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
Department of Surgery No. 2, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
Animal Science Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran
Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Department of Languages, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
Department of Natural Sciences, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan

Department of Animal Science
PerciaVista R&D Co.
The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center
Department of Surgery No. 2
Animal Science Research Department
Department of Pharmacology
Stem Cells Technology Research Center
Department of Languages
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
Department of Natural Sciences

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