Very little influenza in the WHO European Region during the 2020/21 season, weeks40 2020 to 8 2021

Adlhoch C. Mook P. Lamb F. Ferland L. Melidou A. Amato-Gauci A.J. Pebody R. Abovyan R. Sargsyan S. Redlberger-Fritz M. Karaban I. Shmialiova N. Bossuyt N. Thomas I. Vukmir N.R. Dedeic-Ljubovic A. Petrovic G. Tabain I. Pieridou D. Karagiannis C. Jirincova H. Kyncl J. Vestergaard L.S. Trebbien R. Sadikova O. Dotsenko L. Ikonen N. Lyytikäinen O. Enouf V. Jung Y.J. Buda S. Dürrwald R. Gioula G. Kossyvakis T. Molnár Z. Rózsa M. Aspelund G. Löve A. Domegan L. Dunford L. Kaufman Z. Mandelboim M. Bella A. Puzelli S. Nazym T. Aidar U. Nikiforova R. Pakarna G. Gargasiene G. Muralyte S. Mossong J. Abdelrahman T. Melillo J.M. Melillo T. Druc A. Apostol M. Meijer A. Fouchier R.A.M. Golubinka B. Kochinski D. Paulsen T.H. Hungnes O. Guiomar R. Rodrigues A.P. Popescu R. Popovici O. Sominina A. Danilenko D. Dimitrijevic D. Socan M. Prosenc K. Sanchez F.P. Delgado-Sanz C. Byström E. Carnahan A. Gonçalves A.R. Born R. Emine A.V.C.I. Ayse Basak A.L.T.A.S. Demchyshyna I. Dykhanovska T. Sinnathamby M. Bernal J.L.
1 March 2021 European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)

Eurosurveillance
2021 #26 Issue 11 1 - 8 pp.

Between weeks40 2020 and 8 2021, the World Health Organization European Region experienced a 99.8% reduction in sentinel influenza virus positive detec-tions (33/25,606 tested; 0.1%) relative to an average of 14,966/39,407 (38.0%; p<0.001) over the same time in the previous six seasons. COVID-19 pandemic public health and physical distancing measures may have extinguished the 2020/21 European seasonal influenza epidemic with just a few sporadic detections of all viral subtypes. This might possibly continue dur-ing the remainder of the influenza season. We study features of influenza epidemiology in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region from week40 2020 to week8 2021, a period when in usual seasons the highest influenza activity (peak of seasonal epidemic) would be expected. Results are compared to those of the previous six seasons (2014/15-2019/20).

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European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
The Department of Epidemiology of Infectious and Noncommunicable Diseases, National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Health, Armenia
Virology Laboratory Reference Laboratory Center, The National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Health, Armenia
Center for Virology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Prevention, Ministry of Health, Minsk, Belarus
Influenza Laboratory and ILI, Republican Research, Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Minsk, Belarus
Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
Public Health Institute of Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Service, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
National Influenza Centar, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
National Influenza Centre, Microbiology Department, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus
National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
National Influenza Center, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Infectious Diseases, Health Board, Influenza Centre, Tallinn, Estonia
Labour of Infectious Diseases, Health Board, Tallinn, Estonia
Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
Infectious Disease Control and Vaccinations Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
Centre National de référence Virus des Infections Res-Piratoires, Dont la Grippe, CNRS-UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
Santé Publique France (SpFrance), The French National Public Health Agency, St Maurice, France
Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, National Influenza Reference Laboratory for N. Greece, Thessaloniki, Greece
NIC ATHENS, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
National Public Health Center, Hungary
Department of Communicable Disease Epidemiology and Infection Control, Hungary
National Influenza Reference Laboratory, Hungary
The Directorate of Health, Reykjavik, Iceland
Landspitali, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
Health Service Executive, Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Israel
Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Israel
Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (National Institute of Health), Rome, Italy
National Reference Laboratory, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Riga, Latvia
Riga East University Hospital, Latvia
The Communicable Disease Management Division, National Public Health Center, The Ministry of Health, Lithuania
Clinical Testing Department, National Public Health Surveillance Laboratory, Lithuania
Health Directorate, Luxembourg
National Health Laboratory, Luxembourg
Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Unit, Malta
Epidemiological Surveillance of Influenza and Viral Respira-Tory Infections, National Agency for Public Health, Moldova
Virological Laboratory, National Agency for Public Health, Moldova
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
Institute of Public Health, Skopje, North Macedonia
Institute of Public Health of RN Macedonia, Skopje, North Macedonia
Section for Respiratory, Blood-borne and Sexually Transmit-Ted Infections, Department of Infection Control and Vaccines, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
Department of Virology, Section for Influenza and Other Respiratory VI-Ruses, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
National Reference Laboratory for Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
Epidemiology, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
National Institute of Public Health Romania, National Centre for Communicable Diseases Surveillance and Control, Bucharest, Romania
Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, National Influenza Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
National Coordinator for Epidemiological Influ-Enza Surveillance, Institute of Public Health of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
National Institute of Public Health, Slovenia
National Laboratory for Health, Environment and Food, Slovenia
Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
National Epidemiology Centre, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
Unit for Vaccination Programmes, Department of Communicable Disease Control and Health Protection, Solna, Sweden
National Reference Centre of Influenza, Laboratory of Virology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
Federal Office of Public Health, Berne, Switzerland
Public Health General Directorate, Department of Communicable Diseases Influenza Surveillance Section, Ankara, Turkey
Public Health General Directorate, Department of National Microbiology and Biological Products Reference Laboratory, National Influenza Center, Ankara, Turkey
National Coordinator for Influenza for Virological Issues, State Institution “Public Health Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine”, Ukraine
National Coordinator for Influenza for Epidemiological Issues, State Institution “Public Health Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine”, Ukraine
Public Health England, United Kingdom

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe
The Department of Epidemiology of Infectious and Noncommunicable Diseases
Virology Laboratory Reference Laboratory Center
Center for Virology
Department of Hygiene
Influenza Laboratory and ILI
Sciensano
Public Health Institute of Republic of Srpska
Clinical Microbiology
Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Service
National Influenza Centar
National Influenza Centre
National Institute of Public Health
Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention
National Influenza Center
Department of Infectious Diseases
Labour of Infectious Diseases
Expert Microbiology Unit
Infectious Disease Control and Vaccinations Unit
Centre National de référence Virus des Infections Res-Piratoires
Santé Publique France (SpFrance)
Robert Koch Institute
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
NIC ATHENS
National Public Health Center
Department of Communicable Disease Epidemiology and Infection Control
National Influenza Reference Laboratory
The Directorate of Health
Landspitali
Health Service Executive
National Virus Reference Laboratory
Israel Center for Disease Control
Central Virology Laboratory
Department of Infectious Diseases
National Reference Laboratory
Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
Riga East University Hospital
The Communicable Disease Management Division
Clinical Testing Department
Health Directorate
National Health Laboratory
Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Unit
Epidemiological Surveillance of Influenza and Viral Respira-Tory Infections
Virological Laboratory
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment
Department of Viroscience
Institute of Public Health
Institute of Public Health of RN Macedonia
Section for Respiratory
Department of Virology
National Reference Laboratory for Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
Epidemiology
National Institute of Public Health Romania
Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza
National Coordinator for Epidemiological Influ-Enza Surveillance
National Institute of Public Health
National Laboratory for Health
Institute of Health Carlos III
National Epidemiology Centre
The Public Health Agency of Sweden
Unit for Vaccination Programmes
National Reference Centre of Influenza
Federal Office of Public Health
Public Health General Directorate
Public Health General Directorate
National Coordinator for Influenza for Virological Issues
National Coordinator for Influenza for Epidemiological Issues
Public Health England

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