Therapeutic potential of TAM receptors in autoimmune diseases: insights from original studies
Adedayo S.I. Gegele T.A. Adeshina K.A. Olukade B.A. Abubakar R.A. Abdulsalam A. Olalekan T.O. Ahmed M.M. Ibrahim K.G.
2026Oxford University Press
Oxford Open Immunology
2026#7Issue 1
TAM receptors, composed of Tyro3, Axl, and Mertk, belong to the receptor tyrosine kinase family and are activated by binding of their cognate ligands, Gas6 and Pros1. These receptor-ligand interactions mediate critical physiological processes, including the maintenance of immunological equilibrium, thrombocyte aggregation and subsequent thrombus development, apoptotic cellular debris clearance, homeostatic regulation of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, and erythrocyte production. Perturbations in TAM signaling cascades have been shown to compromise the clearance of apoptotic cells, leading to persistent inflammatory responses that can contribute to the development of various autoimmune pathologies, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren’s syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus. We retrieved and reviewed only the primary studies addressing the roles of TAM receptors and their ligands in selected autoimmune diseases from Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. The critical roles of TAM receptors in immune homeostasis and apoptotic cell clearance are well established. However, findings from several primary studies discussed in this review further emphasized that the loss of TAM receptor function in these processes significantly contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of autoimmune diseases. Herein, we highlight the role of TAM receptors in several autoimmune diseases, suggesting that TAM receptors are potential biomarkers for monitoring disease prognosis and therapeutic targets to improve patient outcomes.
biomarkers , demyelination , ligands (GAS6, Pros 1) , remyelination , therapeutic targets
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School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South FL, Tampa, 33612, FL, United States
Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 48201, MI, United States
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences, P.M.B. 45, 751101, Nigeria
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Physiology, Southern IL University School of Medicine, Carbondale, 62702, IL, United States
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia
Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, P.O. BOX 2000, Zarqa, 13110, Jordan
School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
School of Medicine
Department of Molecular Medicine
Department of Physiology
Department of Physiology
Department of Biomedical Sciences
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences
School of Physiology
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Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026