Adaptive Packetization Model (AABF+) and Microblocks for an Intelligent Atmospheric Emissions Monitoring System on a Consortium Blockchain

Abzhanova D. Biloshchytskyi A.
November 2025 Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)

Information (Switzerland)
2025 #16 Issue 11

Real-time monitoring of atmospheric emissions is critical for ensuring transparency, compliance, and rapid response to environmental risks. However, traditional systems often suffer from latency and a lack of verifiable data integrity. This paper presents AABF+, an adaptive packetization and microblock model built on a permissioned blockchain that supports intelligent emissions monitoring. The proposed system dynamically groups sensor readings into microblocks and commits them using Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus, enabling both high throughput and verifiable traceability. Unlike fixed-window blockchains, AABF+ adapts the microblock size and time window based on incoming data rates, balancing responsiveness and reliability. The model was implemented and experimentally evaluated in an edge-class 1 GbE testbed under real MRV (Measurement–Reporting–Verification) conditions. Results show that AABF+ achieves a median end-to-end latency of 0.96 s for single-record transactions and 3.07 s for 1000-record batches, while maintaining strong cryptographic verification of all entries. These findings demonstrate that AABF+ provides second-level data freshness with verifiable provenance, offering a practical foundation for digital environmental governance and regulatory compliance in Industry 4.0 ecosystems.

AABF+ , BFT consensus , cost-of-trust (CoT) , edge computing , intelligent atmospheric emissions monitoring , Merkle proofs , microblocks , permissioned blockchain , throughput/latency percentiles , vNDJSON streaming

Text of the article Перейти на текст статьи

Center of Competence and Excellence, Astana IT University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Science and Innovation, Astana IT University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Information Technology, Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Kyiv, 03037, Ukraine

Center of Competence and Excellence
Department of Science and Innovation
Department of Information Technology

10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель

Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026