Microbial Landscape and Antibiotic-Susceptibility Profiles of Microorganisms in Patients with Bacterial Pneumonia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Cases in Aktobe, Kazakhstan

Ablakimova N. Mussina A.Z. Smagulova G.A. Rachina S. Kurmangazin M.S. Balapasheva A. Karimoldayeva D. Zare A. Mahdipour M. Rahmanifar F.
August 2023 Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)

Antibiotics
2023 #12 Issue 8

This cross-sectional study investigated the microbial landscape and antibiotic-resistance patterns in patients with bacterial pneumonia, with a focus on the impact of COVID-19. Sputum samples from individuals with bacterial pneumonia, including coronavirus disease 2019-positive polymerase chain reaction (COVID-19-PCR+), COVID-19-PCR− and non-COVID-19 patients, were analyzed. Surprisingly, the classic etiological factor of bacterial pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae, was rarely isolated from the sputum samples. Furthermore, the frequency of multidrug-resistant pathogens was found to be higher in non-COVID-19 patients, highlighting the potential impact of the pandemic on antimicrobial resistance. Strains obtained from COVID-19-PCR+ patients exhibited significant resistance to commonly used antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins. Notably, the ESKAPE pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, and Enterobacter aerogenes, were identified among the isolated microorganisms. Our findings underscore the urgent need for infection control measures and responsible antibiotic use in healthcare settings, as well as the importance of enhancing pneumonia diagnostics and implementing standardized laboratory protocols.

antibiotics , antimicrobial resistance , bacterial , COVID-19 , etiology , pathogens , pneumonia , sputum

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Department of Pharmacology, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, 030012, Kazakhstan
Hospital Therapy Department No. 2, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
Department of Infectious Disease, Ospanov Medical University, West Kazakhstan Marat, Aktobe, 030012, Kazakhstan
Respiratory Medicine and Allergology Department, Aktobe Medical Center, Aktobe, 030017, Kazakhstan
PerciaVista R & D Co, Shiraz, 71676-83745, Iran
Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51666-53431, Iran
Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51666-53431, Iran
Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71348-14336, Iran

Department of Pharmacology
Hospital Therapy Department No. 2
Department of Infectious Disease
Respiratory Medicine and Allergology Department
PerciaVista R & D Co
Stem Cell Research Center
Department of Applied Cell Sciences
Department of Basic Sciences

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