Development and Biomechanical Evaluation of a Modular Knee Prosthesis: From Conceptual V1 Design to an Improved V3 Model

Abdreshova S. Akhmejanov S. Ozhikenov K. Zhetenbayev N. Nurgizat Y. Bizhanov D. Sultan A. Ayazbay A.-A. Zharmagambetova M. Sergazin G.
February 2026 Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)

Bioengineering
2026 #13 Issue 2

This study investigates the functional capabilities and accessibility limitations of current knee prostheses while developing and evaluating a three-stage prosthetic system (V1–V3). The primary objective is to design a cost-effective knee prosthesis featuring anatomically compatible motion, high kinematic accuracy, and a modular architecture. The methodology integrates a technical review of commercial prostheses, CAD modeling in SolidWorks, kinematic evaluation through Motion Simulation, and experimental testing of the V2 prototype. The results demonstrate the structural limitations of the initial V1 design, the complete assembly and improved functional performance of the V2 prototype, and the advanced mechanical behavior achieved in the final V3 concept. The V3 model provides an extended range of motion, reduced mass and lowered center of gravity, smoother dynamic response, and compatibility with a fully modular foot–ankle–knee configuration. Overall, the findings indicate that the V3 design represents a promising engineering solution that brings the system closer to clinical applicability and establishes a foundation for the development of a fully modular lower-limb prosthetic platform.

biomechanical design , CAD modelling , kinematic analysis , knee prosthesis , lower-limb prosthetics , modular prosthetic system , motion simulation

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Department Aerospace and Electronic Engineering, Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications, Almaty, 050013, Kazakhstan
Department of Robotics and Technical Tools of Automation, Satbayev University, Almaty, 050013, Kazakhstan
Department of Science and Innovations, Mukhametzhan Tynyshbayev ALT University, Almaty, 050013, Kazakhstan

Department Aerospace and Electronic Engineering
Department of Robotics and Technical Tools of Automation
Department of Science and Innovations

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Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026