Detection of vaccinia virus proteins in wastewater environment using biofunctionalized optical fiber semi-distributed FBG-assisted interferometric probes
Abdossova A. Adilzhankyzy A. Seitkamal K. Olivero M. Perrone G. Blanc W. Vangelista L. Tosi D.
December 2024Elsevier B.V.
Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research
2024#46
In this work, we present the detection of proteins expressed by poxvirus with fiber-optic probes based on a semi-distributed interferometer (SDI) assisted by a fiber Bragg grating (FBG), performing the measurement directly into a wastewater sample. Modern biosafety applications benefit from real-time, dynamic-sensing technologies that can perform diagnostic tasks into a wide set of analytes, with a particular emphasis on wastewater, which appears to collect a significant number of viral titers in urban and indoor environments. The SDI/FBG probe can perform substantial progress in this field, as it embeds a dual sensitivity mechanism to refractive index changes (sensitivity up to 266.1 dB/RIU (refractive index units)) that can be exploited in biosensing, while simultaneously having the capability to measure the temperature (sensitivity 9.888 pm/°C), thus providing an intrinsic cross-sensitivity compensation. In addition, a standard FBG analyzer can be used as an interrogator, improving affordability and real-time detection over previous works. The probes have been functionalized with antibodies specific for L1, A27 and A33 vaccinia virus proteins, performing detection of a protein concentration in a scenario compatible with online viral threat detection. Direct detection of wastewater samples shows that the L1-functionalized sensor has a higher response, 9.1–11.3 times higher than A33 and A27, respectively, with a maximum response of up to 1.99 dB and excellent specificity. Dynamic detection in wastewater shows that the sensors have a response over multiple detection cycles, with a sensitivity of 0.024–0.153 dB for each 10-fold increase of concentration.
Optical fiber biosensors , Semi-distributed interferometer , Surface functionalization , Vaccinia virus , Virus detection , Wastewater-based diagnostic
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School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioinstruments, National Laboratory Astana, Astana, Kazakhstan
School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
Université Côte dAzur, INPHYNI, CNRS UMR7010, Nice, 06200, France
Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
School of Engineering and Digital Sciences
Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioinstruments
School of Medicine
Department of Electronics and Telecommunications
Université Côte dAzur
Department of Molecular Medicine
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