New Nonionic Surfactants from Renewable Raw Materials-Sunflower Oil Production Waste
Abdiyev K.Z. Sadykov B.B. Zhursumbayeva M.B. Seitkaliyeva N.Z. Chang C.-H. Kussainova G.K. Kambarova Z.N. Toktarbay Z.
September 2025Engineered Science Publisher
ES Materials and Manufacturing
2025#29
From technical vegetable oil − a by-product of sunflower oil production − a mixture of fatty carboxylic acids (FCA) was obtained via alkaline hydrolysis, acid treatment, and extraction. The composition of the extract was analyzed using IR and NMR spectroscopy, as well as mass spectrometry coupled with chromatographic analysis. It was shown that the extracted mixture contains nine types of fatty carboxylic acids. Nonionic surfactants − monoethanolamides (FCA-MEA) and diethanolamides (FCA-DEA) of the fatty carboxylic acids were synthesized by the esterification of acid mixture with monoethanolamine (MEA) and diethanolamine (DEA). The reaction yields were 92% and 95%, respectively. The chemical structures of the synthesized nonionic surfactants were confirmed by IR and NMR spectroscopy. The main adsorption characteristics of the resulting nonionic surfactants at the water/air interface were determined by measuring the surface tension of their aqueous solutions. It was found that FCA-DEA surfactant was more surface-active than FCA-MEA surfactant and the parameters of ПСМС and CMC/C20 for the first surfactant were higher than those for second surfactant. It was shown that the synthesized nonionic surfactants were effective foaming agents and stabilizers of oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions. Notably, the FCA-DEA-based surfactants formed relatively more stable foams and emulsions.
Emulsion , Foaming , Nonionic surfactant , Renewable raw material , Sunflower oil production waste
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Department of Chemical Processes and Industrial Ecology, Satbayev University, 22 Satbayev str, Almaty, 050013, Kazakhstan
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
Sustainability of Ecology and Bioresources, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Department of Ecology and Chemistry, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, 29 Bekzat Sattarhanov Street, Turkestan, 161200, Kazakhstan
Department of Chemical Processes and Industrial Ecology
Department of Chemical Engineering
Sustainability of Ecology and Bioresources
Department of Ecology and Chemistry
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