REGULATION OF WATER-SALT REGIME OF IRRIGATED LANDS IN THE LOWER REACHES OF THE SYRDARYA RIVER
Abdibay A.M. Anuarbekov K.K. Chormanski J. Kaipbayev Y.T. Aldiyarova A.E.
2023National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan
News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Series of Geology and Technical Sciences
2023#1Issue 4576 - 19 pp.
Mineralization of water in the Syrdarya River, the current state of the soil-reclamation structure of irrigated lands located in the lower reaches of the river is at a very poor level. The salinity of the soil, as well as the salinity of the collector-drainage water, is extremely high. The average annual mineralization of river water at the Tomenaryk gauging station reaches 2.0-2.5 g/l, and at the Kazaly gauging station it is-3.0-3.5 g/l. And the process of soil salinization occurred almost throughout the region. According to recent data, the area of saline irrigated land in Kyzylorda region is about 225.9 thousand ha, of which slightly saline-87.6 thousand ha, medium saline-73.3 thousand ha, strongly and very strongly saline-65.1 thousand ha. Kyzylorda region is mainly cultivating rice (as well as alfalfa, corn for silage, sunflowers, etc.). Taking this into account, secondary salinization was observed on rice fields due to poor work of collector-drainage systems. To optimize this issue, the article presents the current state of irrigated lands in the lower reaches of the Syrdarya River in Kyzylorda region, as well as the results of work on the regulation of water-salt regime. For this purpose, research work was carried out on 71.15 hectares of agricultural land Bidaikol (former Giant), which belongs to the Zhanakorgan-Shieli irrigation massif. According to the research results, it was optimal to provide fields with water through a specially prepared biofield planted with dense reed plants. It was proved that purified irrigation water from the biofield is effective for irrigation of fodder crops. In addition, the reeds themselves are widely used in the republic as a fodder crop. The young reeds collected in August (at this time the reeds will be soft and the leaves green) are finely chopped and stored using a special press technology. Because of the growing importance of winter fodder, the price of reed has increased significantly in the southern and southwestern regions of the country. For example, this year the price of 1 press of reed ranged from 650-850 tenge. In addition, there was a shortage of fodder in the western regions (Aktau, Mangistau) this spring. Considering all these problems, that the work done in the article is very relevant and more effective.
check plots , collectors and drainages , experimental field , irrigated land , salinity , soil flushing , water-salt regime
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Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Kazakh National Agrarian Research University
Warsaw University of Life Sciences
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