Serological surveillance of Trypanosoma evansi in Kazakhstani camels by complement fixation and formalin gel tests
Abay Z. Kudaibergenova Z. Bizhanov A. Serikov M. Berdiakhmetkyzy S. Arysbekova A. Aitlessova R. Smadil T. Kadyrov S. Lessov B. Sattarova R. Kanatbayev S. Shalabayev B. Shynybayev K. Rametov N. Akhmetsadykov N. Yoo H.S. Sikhayeva N. Rsaliyev A. Abduraimov Y. Kassenov M. Nurpeisova A.
2025Frontiers Media SA
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
2025#12
Introduction: Surra, caused by Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi), is a significant vector-borne disease of camels that leads to substantial economic losses in affected regions. This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of surra among dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) and Bactrian (Camelus bactrianus) camels in Kazakhstan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out between January and May 2024 in the Mangystau, Kyzylorda, and Turkestan regions. A total of 2,773 camel serum samples (1,045 males and 1,728 females) were collected and tested using the complement fixation test (CFT) and the formol gel test (FGT). Chi-square tests were applied to assess differences across age groups, sexes, and regions. Results: Antibodies against T. evansi were detected in 113 camels (4.07%; 95% CI: 3.36–4.86) by CFT and in 276 camels (9.95%; 95% CI: 8.88–11.13) by FGT. Seroprevalence increased with age, with the highest rates observed in camels older than 12 years (5.93% by CFT and 26.27% by FGT). Females had significantly higher prevalence than males (CFT: 4.69% vs. 3.06%; FGT: 10.47% vs. 9.09%, p = 0.046). Regional variation was also noted, with the highest prevalence detected in Mangystau by FGT (65.0%). Discussion: These findings confirm that camel surra is endemic in the surveyed regions of Kazakhstan. Both serological tests proved useful for large-scale screening of T. evansi, and the FGT, due to its higher sensitivity, is recommended as the preferred tool for field surveillance. Copyright
antibodies , camel , complement fixation test , formalin gel test , seroprevalence , surra , Trypanosoma evansi , vector-borne diseases
Text of the article Перейти на текст статьи
Kazakh Scientific Research Veterinary Institute LLP, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Department of Geospatial Engineering, Satpaуev Kazakh National Research Technical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Antigen LLP, Almaty, Kazakhstan
College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
Qazbiopharm JSC, Astana, Kazakhstan
Kazakh Scientific Research Veterinary Institute LLP
Kazakh National Agrarian Research University
Department of Geospatial Engineering
Antigen LLP
College of Veterinary Medicine
Qazbiopharm JSC
10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель
Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026